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Radiology of the Respiratory System: Anatomy, Physiology, Pathology, and Imaging Modalities

Explore the anatomy, physiology, and diverse pathologies affecting the respiratory system with a focus on radiographic manifestations, technical considerations, and diagnostic imaging modalities. Learn about congenital disorders, inflammatory processes, obstructive conditions, and neoplasms impacting the lungs and airways.

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Radiology of the Respiratory System: Anatomy, Physiology, Pathology, and Imaging Modalities

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  1. Chapter 3 The Respiratory System

  2. Objectives • Identify anatomy on diagrams and radiographs • Describe the physiology of the respiratory system • Explain how pathologies of the respiratory system affect the patient throughout their life • Describe the various pathologic condition affecting the respiratory system and the radiographic manifestations • Explain how a specific pathologic process will affect the technical factors that the technologist must consider

  3. Objectives—(cont.) • Explain how various imaging modalities used in the diagnosis of pathology of the respiratory system helps in diagnosis

  4. Anatomy Review • Trachea: • Bronchi: • Hilum:

  5. Anatomy Review—(cont.) • Alveoli: • Fissures: • Pleural cavity:

  6. Physiology • Purpose: • Ventilation: • Perfusion:

  7. Pathology—Congenital • Cystic fibrosis • Respiratory distress syndrome

  8. Congenital Diseases • Cystic fibrosis: • Respiratory distress syndrome:

  9. Cystic Fibrosis RDS

  10. Pathology—Inflammatory Processes • Lung abscesses • Adult respiratory distress syndrome • Asthma • Atelectasis • Bronchitis • COPD • Croup

  11. More Inflammatory Processes • Pleural effusion • Pneumonia • Respiratory syncytial virus • Pneumoconiasis • Pneumothorax • Pulmonary edema • Pulmonary emboli • TB

  12. Inflammatory Processes • Lung abscesses: • Adult respiratory distress syndrome:

  13. Lung Abscess

  14. Asthma • Types: • Symptoms: • Radiographic appearance:

  15. Atelectasis • Definition: • Types: • Causes: • Radiographic appearance:

  16. Atelectasis due to Cancer Obstruction

  17. Atelectasis due to Obstruction (ET Tube)

  18. Bronchitis • Definition: • Causes: • Chronic bronchitis: • Related to COPD?

  19. Bronchiectasis • Definition: • Congenital: • Acquired: • Diagnosed:

  20. COPD • Definition: • Two processes:

  21. Emphysema • Compensatory: • Three types of centrilobular: • Cause of above:

  22. Emphysema—(cont.) • Radiographic appearance: • Technical caveats:

  23. Emphysema—(cont.)

  24. Emphysema—(cont.)

  25. Emphysema—(cont.)

  26. Croup • Definition: • Why soft tissue neck radiograph: • Radiographic appearance:

  27. Croup—(cont.)

  28. Pleural Effusion • Definition: • Causes: • Radiographic features: • Radiographic positions:

  29. Pleural Effusion—(cont.)

  30. Pleural Effusion—(cont.)

  31. Pneumonia • Definition: • Types and related causes: • Radiographic features:

  32. Pneumonia—(cont.)

  33. RSV • Definition: • Characteristics: • Radiographic findings:

  34. Pneumoconiosis • Types: • Causes: • Radiographic appearance:

  35. Pneumothorax • Definition: • Images to take and why: • Important radiographic finding:

  36. Pneumothorax—(cont.)

  37. Pneumothorax—(cont.)

  38. Pulmonary Edema • Definition: • Causes: • Symptoms: • Radiographic features:

  39. Pulmonary Emboli • Definition: • Risk factors: • Sequence for diagnosis:

  40. Tuberculosis • Cause and spread: • Two types: • Risk factors: • Radiographic features:

  41. Tuberculosis—(cont.)

  42. TB—(cont.)

  43. TB with Cavity

  44. Lung Cavitation

  45. Pathology—Neoplasms • Benign: • Malignant:

  46. Neoplasms • Benign: • Best seen by: • Radiographic features:

  47. Hamartoma

  48. Bronchogenic Carcinoma Adenocarcinoma • Definition: • Characteristics:

  49. Bronchogenic Carcinoma Squamous Cell Carcinoma • Definition: • Characteristics: • Radiographic features:

  50. Bronchogenic Carcinoma Small Cell Carcinoma • Definition: • Characteristics: • Radiographic features:

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