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Chemistry Midterm Review

Chemistry Midterm Review. Spring 2014. What type of element do the tiles in the periodic table above represent?. 1. Metals 2. Metalloids 3. Nonmetals. 4. What is a row in the periodic table called? A Period 5. What does the row number tell you? How many layers of electrons there are

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Chemistry Midterm Review

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  1. Chemistry Midterm Review Spring 2014

  2. What type of element do the tiles in the periodic table above represent? 1. Metals 2. Metalloids 3. Nonmetals

  3. 4. What is a row in the periodic table called? • A Period 5. What does the row number tell you? • How many layers of electrons there are 6. What is a column in the periodic table called? • A Group or Family

  4. 7. What does each element in a group have that is the same? • They have the same number of valence electrons 8. Why are the elements listed in the group they are in? • Each element in a group has similar chemical and physical properties

  5. 9. Write the name for each of the following group numbers: • 1=Alkali Metals • 2=Alkaline Earth Metals • 17=Halogens • 18=Nobel Gases

  6. 10. Which group would not be reactive chemically? Why? • The Nobel gases do not react well chemically because they’re valance shell is completed with 8 electrons already. They do not need any more/less to have a full valence shell.

  7. 11. List all you can about: A. Protons: Positive charge, found in the nucleus, amount= atomic number B. Electrons: Negative charge, found around the nucleus, amount= atomic number C. Neutrons: Neural charge, found in the nucleus, amount = Mass-Atomic Number

  8. 12. What happens when an atom loses electrons? • Losing electrons makes atoms more positive. 13. What happens if an atom gains more electrons? • Gaining electrons makes atoms more negative

  9. 14. List all you can about: • Metal- conduct heat and electricity, left side periodic table, loses electron= cation (positive) • Nonmetal- not conduct heat or electricity, right side periodic table, gains electron= anion (negative) • Metalloid- sometimes conducts, stair step on periodic table

  10. 14. List all you can about: • Halogens- Group 17, very chemically reactive, 7 valence electrons, includes F, Cl,Br, I, At, has 1- charge • Nobel Gases- Group 18, not chemically reactive, 8 valence electrons • Alkali Metals- Group 1, very chemically reactive=unstable, one valence electron, has 1+ charge

  11. 14. List all you can about: • Atomic Mass- • The average mass of an element on the periodic table • Atomic Number- This number equals the number of protons which also equals the number of electrons for an element on the periodic table • Both are used to find the number of neutrons!

  12. 15. Drawing atoms • Beryllium (Be):4 protons, 5 neutrons, 4 electrons 4p+ 5n

  13. 15. Drawing atoms • Boron (B): • 5 protons, 6 neutrons, 5 electrons 5p+ 6n

  14. 15. Drawing atoms • Nitrogen (N):7 protons, 7 neutrons, 7 electrons 7p+ 7n

  15. 15. Drawing atoms • Oxygen (O):8 protons, 8 neutrons, 8 electrons 8p+ 8n

  16. 16. What are the two types of bonds that elements form and explain how each one is different? • Ionic bonds: part metal (cation) part nonmetal (anion), bond is made when electrons are given/taken away • Covalent bonds: only nonmetals, makes molecules, electrons are shared to make the bond

  17. 17. How do you know a physical change has happened? • No new substance made • Indicators 1) size 2) shape 3) state of matter 4) color

  18. 18. How do you know a chemical change has happened? • Produces a new substance (Product) • Atoms are being rearranged-bonds are broken and formed 1) Heat is released-EXOTHERMIC-gets hot 2) Heat is absorbed-ENDOTHERMIC-gets cold 3) Gas is released-bubbles 4) New color 5) New odor

  19. 19. What does “conservation of mass” mean? • Matter can not be created or destroyed • The mass you started with is what you end with!

  20. 20. How are you going to get ready for this test? What is your plan for studying/getting ready? • Use my review packet, read it several times • Make flash cards for vocabulary words • **Try to answer the review packet questions again without looking at the answers** • Have my friends quiz me as a competition game for points

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