DRUG & ALCOHOL TRAINING FOR SUPERVISORS

1. DRUG & ALCOHOL TRAINING FOR SUPERVISORS Prepared by DAVID HELTON PROGRAM ADMINISTRATOR

2. Purpose of Presentation • To provide Training for Supervisors as required by FMCSA 382.603 • To provide Reasonable Suspicion training as required by FMCSA 382.307 • To provide 60 minutes of Substance abuse observation training/discussion. • To provide 60 minutes of Alcohol abuse observation training/discussion.

3. 382.307 Reasonable Suspicion testing • An employer shall require a driver to submit to an alcohol test when the employer has reasonable suspicion to believe that the driver has violated prohibitions of subpart (b) of this part concerning alcohol. The employer’s determination that reasonable suspicion exists to require the driver to undergo an alcohol tests must be based on specific contemporaneous (EXISTING OR CREATED IN THE SAME PERIOD OF TIME) articulable observations concerning the appearance, behavior, speech or body odors of the driver.

4. 382.307 Reasonable Suspicion testing (b) An employer shall require a driver to submit to an substance test when the employer has reasonable suspicion to believe that the driver has violated prohibitions of subpart (b) of this part concerning substance abuse. The employer’s determination that reasonable suspicion exists to require the driver to undergo a substance tests must be based on specific contemporaneous, articulable observations concerning the appearance, behavior, speech or body odors of the driver.

5. 382.307 Reasonable Suspicion testing The observations may include indications of the chronic and withdrawal effects of controlled substances.

6. 382.307 Reasonable Suspicion testing (c) The required observations for alcohol and/or controlled substances reasonable suspicion testing shall be made by a supervisor or company official who is trained in accordance with 382.603. The person who makes the determination that reasonable suspicion exists to conduct an alcohol test shall not conduct the alcohol test of the driver.

7. 382.307 Reasonable Suspicion testing (d) Alcohol testing is authorized by this section only if the observations required by paragraph (a) of this section are made during, just preceding, or just after the period of the work day that the driver is required to be in compliance with this part. A driver may be directed by the employer to only undergo reasonable suspicion testing while the driver is performing safety –sensitive functions, just before safety sensitive functions, or just after the driver has ceased safety-sensitive functions.

8. 382.307 Reasonable Suspicion testing (e)(1) If an alcohol test required by this section is not administered within two hours following the determination under paragraph (a) of this section, the employer shall prepare and maintain on file a record stating the reasons the alcohol tests was not promptly administered. If an alcohol test required by this section is not administered within eight hours following the determination under paragraph (a) of this section, the employer shall cease attempts to administer an alcohol test and shall state in the record the reasons for not administering the tests.

9. 382.307 Reasonable Suspicion testing (2) Notwithstanding the absence of a reasonable suspicion alcohol tests under this section, no driver shall report for duty or remain on duty requiring the performance of safety-sensitive functions while the driver is under the influence of or impaired by alcohol, as shown by the behavioral, speech, and performance indicators of alcohol misuse, nor shall an employer permit the driver to perform safety-sensitive functions or continue to perform safety-sensitive functions, Until:

10. 382.307 Reasonable Suspicion testing • An alcohol tests is administered and the drivers Alcohol concentration is less than 0.02 or • Twenty four hours have elapsed following the determination under paragraph (a) of this section that there is reasonable suspicion to believe that the driver has violated the prohibitions this part concerning the use of alcohol.

11. 382.307 Reasonable Suspicion testing. (3) Except as provided in paragraph (e)(2) of this section, no employer shall take action under this part against a driver solely based on the drivers behavior and appearance, with respect to alcohol use, in the absence of an alcohol tests. This does not prohibit an employer with independent authority of this part from taking action, otherwise consistent with law.

12. 382.307 Reasonable Suspicion testing (f) A written record shall be made of the observations leading to an alcohol or controlled substances reasonable suspicion test, and signed by the supervisor or company official who made the observations , within 24 hours of the observed behavior or before the results of the alcohol or controlled substances tests are released , whichever is earlier

13. 382.603 Training for Supervisors Each employer shall ensure that all persons designated to supervise drivers receive at least 60 minutes of training on alcohol misuse and receive 60 minutes of training on controlled substances use. . The training will be used by supervisors to determine whether reasonable suspicion exists to require a driver to undergo testing under 382.307. The training shall include the physical, behavioral, speech, and performance indicators of controlled substances . Recurrent training is not required

14. Stimulants Amphetamine/Methamphetamine/Cocaine Also known as: Speed, Ice, Crystal, Crank Coke, Crack, Meth-amphetamine. Pharmaceutical Names: Adderall, ( Amphetamine for A.d.d.)

15. Stimulants • Ecstasy(MDMA), Eve(MDA) • These drugs will screen positive for Amphetamine or Methamphetamine, but will Confirm Negative for Amphetamine or Methamphetamine. USDOT does test for these drugs as of 10/01/2010

16. Meth-amphetamine

17. The Results of Meth Addiction

18. Stimulants Physical Description/Admin. • Coarse Powder • Small White to Clear Crystals • Capsules Various Size & Colors • Tablets Various Size & Colors • Snorted, Injected, Smoked, Swallowed

19. StimulantsPhysical Indicators – Clinical Effects • Restlessness, body tremors, excitement • Euphoria, talkativeness, anxiety • Dry mouth • Depression, sedation ( post effect) • dilated pupils • elevated temp, burns on lips & hands • Odors of ( cat urine type smell ) • dehydration • Increased Heart Rate, Tachycardia, Palpations, Arrhythmias

20. Stimulants .. Appearance, Behavior • Needle marks on arms • Long little finger nail ( typical in South American/Mexican users) • Sniffing • Redness around nasal area • Irritability • Agitation • Raspy hoarse speech • Talkativeness • Twitching/jerking motions • Swinging of arms • Lack of concentration • Looking away from the person who is speaking to them. (hiding the pupils.)

21. Stimulants Duration of Effects • Cocaine – 5 –90 Minutes • Amphetamine 4 – 8 Hours • Methamphetamine 12 Hours • MDMA, MDA – 4 – 8 Hours

22. Stimulants Detection Times in Urine • Amphetamine/Methamphetamine 1 –2 days in Urine • Cocaine - 2 – 4 days in Urine • MDMA, MDA – 1 day • Detection times can increase by frequency of use

23. Depressants – Sedatives -Hypnotics Barbiturates, Amytal, Butisol, Nembutal, Luminal, Seconal, Tuinal, Florinal Also known as Barbs, Downers, Tranqs Benzodiazepines, Ativan, Halcion, Librium, Valium, Xanax, Rohypnol Also known as Bennies, Rophies Methqualone, Quaalude also known as Ludes

24. Depressants Physical Description Administration • Tablets • Capsules • Liquid • White Powder • Typically Oral , Occasionally injected

25. Depressants - Physical Indicators Clinical Effects • Depression, Disorientation • Sedation, Sluggish • Droopy Eyelids • Slowed Slurred Speech • Hypnotic • Dilated Pupils

26. Depressants - Duration of Effects • Barbiturates 1 – 16 Hours • Benzodiazepines (tranquilizers) 4 – 8 hours • Methaqualone – 14 days

27. Depressants - Detection Times • Barbiturates 1 day ( short acting ) in Urine • Barbiturates 2 to 3 weeks ( long acting ) in Urine • Benzodiazepines 3 days ( short acting ) in Urine • Benzodiazepines 4 – 6 weeks ( Chronic Use) in Urine • Methaqualone 14 days • Detection times can increase by frequency of use

28. Narcotics – Analgesics – Opiates Also Known As.. • Smack • Tar • Chasing the Dragon • Heroin • chiva

29. Heroin What is heroin? A) Heroin is an illegal, highly addictive opiate drug. Its abuse is more widespread than any other opiate. Heroin is processed from morphine, a naturally occurring substance extracted from the seed pod of certain varieties of poppy plants. It is typically sold as a white or brownish powder or as the black sticky substance known on the streets as "black tar heroin." Although purer heroin is becoming more common, most street heroin is "cut" with other drugs or with substances such as sugar, starch, powdered milk, or quinine. Street heroin can also be cut with strychnine or other poisons. Because heroin abusers do not know the actual strength of the drug or its true contents, they are at risk of overdose or death. Heroin also poses special problems because of the transmission of HIV and other diseases that can occur from sharing needles or other injection equipment.

30. Narcotics – Analgesics – Opiates Pharmaceutical Names .. • Heroin ( no longer a Pharmaceutical name ) • Morphine • Codeine • Oxy Cotine • Oxycodone • Dilaudid • Percodan • Vicodin (hydrocodone) • Propoxyphene (Darvon) No longer available • Methadone

31. Narcotics – Analgesics – Opiates Physical Description – Administration • White, Brown, or Black Powder • Liquids • Tablets • Capsules • Injectable • Oral • Snorted • Smoked

32. Narcotics – Analgesics – Opiates Physical Indicators – Clinical Effects • Droopy Eyelids • Drowsiness • Depressed reflexes • Raspy slow speech • Depression • Sedation • Pupil size Pinpoint • Shallow Breathing, Slowed Heart Rate

33. Narcotics – Analgesics – Opiates Duration of Effects • Opiates 4 – 6 Hours • Methadone Up to 24 hrs • Propoxyphene up to 24 Hours

34. Narcotics – Analgesics – Opiates Detection Times in Urine • Opiates 2 days in Urine • Methadone 3 days in Urine • Propoxyphene 6 hrs to 2 days in Urine • Detection times can increase by frequency of use

35. Phencyclidine Also Known As: • PCP • Angel Dust • Sherman • No Pharmaceutical Use • Embalming Fluid (Could be component ) • Not Widely used

36. Phencyclidine Physical Description – Administration • Pills • Capsules • White Powder • Oral , Injected, Snorted, Smoked • Sherman cigarette dipped in embalming fluid, dried, then smoked.

37. Phencyclidine Physical Indicators – Clinical Effects • Blank Stare • Incomplete Verbal Response • Confusion • Odor of Chemical type smell • Aggressive Behavior • Elevated Blood Pressure

38. Phencyclidine Duration of Effects: • 4 – 6 Hours Detection Times • 14 days in Urine

39. LSD – Hallucinogens • This is not part of USDOT testing, you would need to request under Non-Dot Test. • Also Known as; Acid • White Crystalline material • Impregnated Sugar Cubes • Blotter Paper • Gelatin Sheets Causes Dilated Pupils , Visual Illusions, Sensory Cross – Over, Raised Heart Rate Detection Time – 2 –4 Days in Urine ( Specimen is Photo Sensitive)

40. Marijuana – Cannabis - THC • Also Known As • Dope, Weed, Hemp, Hash, Columbian, Sensemilla • Street Slang “420”, or “13”, “Chronic”. • Pharmaceutical Names: Marinol

41. Marijuana – Cannabis - THC • Physical Description • Dry Crusted Leaves, Buds ( Green or Brown) • Hand Rolled Cigarettes • Hard Chunks of Resin • Dark, Viscous Liquid

42. Marijuana

43. Marijuana – Cannabis - THC Administration • Smoked • Cooked & Eaten in Foods • Boiled & Drank as Tea

44. Marijuana – Cannabis – THC • Physical Indicators - Clinical Effects • Redness of eye or Conjunctiva • Odor of Marijuana • Increased Appetite ( munchies) • Disorientation, Agitation ( quick temper) • Increased Heart Rate • Increased Blood Pressure • Photophobia • Paranoia

45. Marijuana – Cannabis - THC • Duration of Effects • 2 – 3 Hours Impairment can last up to 24 Hours without self Awareness

46. Marijuana – Cannabis - THC • Detection Time in Urine Detection time is just a few days up to 2 months. This is based on the individuals Metabolism, Frequency & Quantity of Use. Also the Potency of Marijuana Varies which effects the Absorption Rate. Marijuana is a Fat Bound Metabolite, and this is why detection time is longer.

47. Alcohol (Ethyl) • Pharmaceutical Name: Ethanol • Detected in Urine up to 12 Hours • Clinical Effects: • Intoxication • Loss of Motor Control • Lethargy (fatigue) • Aggressive behavior • Stupor • Alcohol Odor from Breath & Sweat Glands

48. Alcohol (Ethyl) The Rules prohibit a covered employee from performing Safety-Sensitive functions: IF.. • A Breath test results indicates an alcohol concentration of 0.040 or greater. This will Require a completion of a SAP (Substance Abuse Professional Evaluation) before returning to Safety-Sensitive functions: or • If they Refuse an Alcohol test. • When Results are 0.020 – 0.039, employee must be removed from Safety-Sensitive for 24 Hours and until they receive a test below 0.020 This is not a violation that requires a SAP (Substance Abuse Professional Evaluation)

49. Alcohol (Ethyl) . What is Alcohol ? >Its is a drug > It is a poison (toxin) >It is a food > It is a depressant Acts like Novocain by dulling the nerve endings. Supplies body energy, Slows body functions, can burn, is volatile, has little smell, “loves” water. >It is addictive >It impairs performance

50. Alcohol (Ethyl) • Chemically alcohol is made up of hydrogen, carbon, and oxygen atoms. There are 3 types of alcohol • Methyl or Methanol is derived from products containing cellulose. Not for human consumption • Isopropyl Alcohol is generally used as a disinfectant, not for human consumption. • Ethyl or Ethanol is derived from fermentation of fruits, vegetables and grains. This is most commonly consumed by humans