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Unit 6 – Human immunity & Ecology

Unit 6 – Human immunity & Ecology. I. Human Immune Response. Pathogen. Disease-causing agent Ex. Bacteria, virus, protist , fungi. Antigen. Proteins on pathogens that cause body to produce antibodies . Antibody. Proteins our bodies produce to fight the pathogen. Virus Invasion.

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Unit 6 – Human immunity & Ecology

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  1. Unit 6 – Human immunity & Ecology

  2. I. Human Immune Response

  3. Pathogen • Disease-causing agent • Ex. Bacteria, virus, protist, fungi

  4. Antigen • Proteins on pathogens that cause body to produce antibodies

  5. Antibody • Proteins our bodies produce to fight the pathogen

  6. Virus Invasion • Invades eukaryotic cells • Initiation – Virus enters cell • Replication – Viral DNA/RNA is integrated into cell DNA  copies itself • Release – Virus copies released from cell

  7. Without helper T-cells, the body cannot make antibodies properly, nor can infected cells containing HIV

  8. HIV LAB • HIV = Human Immunodeficiency Virus • HIV causes  AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome) Directions: You will exchange body fluids with three other people in the class. YOUR NUMBER: ____ ____  ____  ____

  9. Bacteria • Prokaryotic cells that produce toxins • TOXINS cause us to become sick • Ex. Botulism

  10. Antibiotics • Work to break down the functioning of prokaryotic cell walls (poke holes)

  11. Antibody production (Immune Response) • Pathogen enters body • WBC called macrophages try to ingest the pathogen

  12. As macrophages ingest the pathogen, pieces will be displayed on the macrophage’s cell mem. • Macrophage travels to lymph node

  13. 5. Inside lymph node, the macrophage selects a helper T cell that matches it (same receptors) OR a killer T cell

  14. 6. Activated helper T-cells undergo mitosis 7. Activated helper T-cells activate the appropriate B cells

  15. 8. Activated B-cells undergo mitosis 9. Activated B-cells (plasma B cells) produce the specific antibody to fight the pathogen 10. B-cells turn into memory cells (Build resistance)

  16. Cells of immune system: • Macrophage – White blood cell that ingests pathogen • T cell – • Helper T – releases chemicals to activate other T and B cells • Cytotoxic T (killer) – destroy cells infected w/ pathogen • B cell - • Plasma – secrete antibodies that ID pathogen • Memory – ‘remember’ the pathogen for quicker response

  17. Immunity 1) Active (Acquired): • Exposed to pathogen • Vaccine: weakened form of virus used to make antibodies 2) Passive: • From mother to child via breastfeeding

  18. ** http://www.learner.org/courses/biology/archive/animations/hires/a_hiv1_h.html http://health.howstuffworks.com/human-body/systems/immune/adam-200095.htm http://kidshealth.org/PageManager.jsp?lic=1&article_set=59296&cat_id=20607

  19. Case study lab • READ the diseases • LOOK at your individual patient • ANSWER ALL questions on lab sheet • DRAW or WRITE characteristics of YOUR disease on poster paper • WALK around to get other answers when finished

  20. Complete the following • Read 39.1 • On page 1023, answer in complete sentences #3-4 • Read 39.2 • On pg. 1041, answer in complete sentences #1-4 • On the paper provided: • On one side draw Fig 39.12: Antibody immunity(labeled, neatly) • On other side draw Fig 39.13: Cellular immunity (labeled, neatly) • Staple and submit

  21. Immunity reading assignment • Read chapter 39.1 or 39.2 • Complete any 4 questions from either/both section assessments • Please write the question down and USE complete sentences.

  22. Diseases

  23. Hemophilia • Blood is unable to clot • Sex-linked recessive disease (genetic)

  24. Lung cancer • Caused by excessive smoking, inhaling 2nd hand smoke

  25. Cystic fibrosis • protein product  produce unusually thick, sticky mucus that: • clogs the lungs • obstructs the pancreas • stops natural enzymes from helping the body break down and absorb food • Recessive genetic disease

  26. Sickle Cell Anemia • Genetic disease caused by a point mutation • Cell is sickle-shaped and is not as effective at carrying O2 to body cells.

  27. Brain cancer • Tumors in brain  genetic predisposition

  28. Tuberculosis • Respiratory disease caused by bacteria Tubercles bacillus

  29. Botulism • Caused by toxin released by Clostridium botulinum under anaerobic conditions • Causes paralysis  respiratory and circulatory failure

  30. Syphilis • bacterial infection • STD • Sexual contact and can pass from infected mom to offspring

  31. Chlamydia - Chlamydia is the most commonly reported STD in the United States. • Bacteria • Affects both genders but can cause serious, permanent damage to a woman's reproductive organs.

  32. Herpes • You can get genital herpes even if your partner shows no signs of the infection. • Causes painful sores on body • Sometimes genital herpes infection can lead to miscarriage or premature birth.

  33. Gonorrhea • Sexually Transmitted Disease caused by bacteria • Untreated gonorrhea can cause serious and permanent health problems in both women and men.

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