NBDC: N2 Base Line Survey May 2011 Addis Ababa

1. NBDC: N2 Base Line SurveyMay 2011Addis Ababa ‘IMPLEMENTATION OF RAIN WATER MANAGEMENT TECHNOLOGIES IN FOGERA WOREDA’

2. Actors in implementing RWM • Development agents • Kebele administration • Kebele manager • Experts of the WoA: - NRM expert - Livestock expert - Crop expert - Irrigation expert - Input supply & distribution • Wereda administration • Wereda office of Water resource development • Cooperatives (irrigation, all-purpose cooperatives) • Adet Agricultural Research Center • Amhara Credit and Saving Institution (ACSI) • NGOs (IPMS, Ethio-Wetlands)

3. Community mobilization Action Plan Identifying Active labor force & available resources Plan WoA Training farmers feedback Implementation Process Follow up & reporting Scheduling Execution of activities Identifying & training farmer surveyors Establishment of quality control team

4. Roles of the different actors DA roles include: identifying those household members capable of working; organizing them in to development teams; preparing action plans; preparing checklists for weekly control of activities;

5. DAs roles Cont’d • determining annual working days by discussing with community; • identifying potential resources in the hand of the community and making them ready for use; • identifying progressive farmers/surveyors and giving them training; • allowing community to evaluate daily performance of activities; • provision of resources and technical advice;

6. DAs roles Cont’d • quality control and follow up of SWC structures; • reporting to the district expert on daily basis during campaign (weekly in all other times). • facilitating the election of WUC by the community and following up its undertakings.

7. DAs roles Cont’d • data compilation and reporting to WoA office regarding progresses of implementation. • convincing farmers that the different activities would eventually benefit them. • Break down of the plan and inform the dev’t team their share/quota; coordination, & follow up

8. Woreda Level Experts: Roles • Community mobilization, • Provision of technical support through SMS as well as on job-training, • carryout activities, monitoring and follow up and quality control • woreda cabinet and experts avail themselves on the site and discuss with the community about the action plans/time schedules, set ground rules and provides technical support on the site. • Material supply (gabion, sack, spade, ‘doma’, etc).

9. Monitoring RWM Interventions • Field visit; DAs’ report; taking remedial measures in case of failure • Using subject matter specialists (SMS) who would supervise activities at the kebele on monthly basis. • Follow up to supervise whether the distributed inputs are effectively used or not. • Experience sharing and field visits by (woreda supervision team) to supervise & identify progresses & problems . Six kebeles under a team; e.g. last year 75% of farmers from other kebeles visited successful kebeles.

10. Knowledge and Skills of Actors about NRM technologies • This varies across actors (DAs, Woreda Experts, N GOs, ARCs, etc) • DAs were found to have relatively high level of awareness about the different technologies. • Woreda experts/administrators however possess medium and even low level of knowledge for some RWM techs. • Regardless of the level of knowledge some are either implemented to a limited extent or not at all.

11. RWM Technologies and Actors knowledge level

12. RWM Technologies and Actors knowledge level

13. Support Received by woreda experts: • Regional BoA in terms of material and technical support. • NGOs such as IPMS, Ethio-wetlands provide training and technical support. • Regional Gov’t is involved in the construction & maintenance of irrigation canals if the command area is large enough to be beyond the woreda capacity.

14. Supports Received by DAs WoA provides: • Technical support for DAs, mobilizing farmers, coordinating dev’t team. • Training on water pump usage and maintenance • Provision of input Dev’t Team : • Provides Information, discusses problems, mobilizes the community, & conducts monitoring Woreda as well as kebele Admin: • Supports through community mobilization, coordination and administration.

15. Supports Received by DAs…Ctd NGOs-IPMS: • Input provision(seed, upland rice variety, forage) to improve productivity and marketing; • Technical support through training • Supplies/equips FTCs with the necessary equipments such as TV & Telephone. NGOs-Ethio-wetlands: • Supports through interventions in wetland management • Provision of training on NRM • Input supply on vegetables, forage towards improving both livelihoods and NRM practices. Adet ARC: • Participatory research for livelihood improvement (FREG approach)

16. Trainings Given to DAs • DAs received trainings related to NRM by Ethio-wetlands-a local NGO. • Some others attended training given by the woreda office of agriculture just for three days. • They found the training fairly useful(below their expectation) because it was given for too short period to grasp the basic knowledge and learn the desired skills. • Attended short term training on water harvesting and use and other NRM related training.

17. Level of Satisfaction with Supports Received • Though there are various actors working on NRM interventions and often supporting the DAs at the grassroots level there is differential ratings and limitations of the support being given. • The support that WoA provides was rated ‘medium’ in 4 of the 5 kebeles studied • Only in two kebeles were there NGOs and whose support rated ‘medium’ due to limited scope of areas covered & supports given • The degree of coordination among DAs was also discouraging as they are supposed to handle everything that falls under their ‘zone’ regardless of their specialization as if they are ‘Generalists’ • This assignment constrains their effectiveness, and yet they try to consult each other to fill the skill/knowledge gap.

18. Suggestions for effective implementation of RWM • Practical activity oriented trainings for DAs/experts on RWM for reasonably long period of time; • experience sharing with model/successful kebeles e.g., controlled grazing; • financial as well as material (input) support; • developing FTC to real field learning site(e.g. modern bee hive, improved forage, water harvesting pond, agro-forestry, etc.). • Preparing manuals to be used as guidelines/references • Provision of improved crop and livestock varieties; • training and technical support related to pest management. • Locating the FTC itself on resource full area in order for it to be a demonstration site.

19. Recent examples in RWM Gendenur watershed development activities Bebekes irrigation project (developed from natural spring – water user association) Adet agricultural research center demonstration site in Kokit kebele (using Rib river) Mobile nursery site near Wereta Agricultural College Bending structures on rice farm built by farmers Efficient utilization of residual moisture from retreating water in Shesher wetland, Shaga kebele Sowing grass pea on rice farm before the rice is harvested to efficiently utilize residual moisture

20. THANK YOU!