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Unintended Pesticide Impacts

Unintended Pesticide Impacts. Drinking water, soil, aquatic organisms, birds, bees, fish, beneficial insects, biodiversity. Eagle populations declined in 1960s. DDT reduced predatory bird populations by weakening their egg shells. Fungicides Copper hydroxide (Cuproflo, Cuprocsat)

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Unintended Pesticide Impacts

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  1. Unintended Pesticide Impacts Drinking water, soil, aquatic organisms, birds, bees, fish, beneficial insects, biodiversity

  2. Eagle populations declined in 1960s

  3. DDT reduced predatory bird populations by weakening their egg shells

  4. Fungicides Copper hydroxide (Cuproflo, Cuprocsat) Copper sulfate (Bordeaux mixture) Cymoxanil (Iteral) Difenoconazole (Dividend, Score) Kresoxim-methyl (Stroby) Mancozeb (Mancozeb) Metalaxyl (Ridomil) Metiram (Polyram) Mono- & Di-Potassium salts of phosphorous acid (Topaz (Fosphite) 53% EC) Triadimefon (Bayleton) Trifloxystrobin (Zato) AgVANTAGE-Requested & EPA-Registered Fungicides

  5. Insecticides Chlorpyrifos (Dursban)* Cypermethrin (Arrivo)* Deltamethrin (Decis)* Diazinon (Basudin) Dimethoate (Bi-58) Hexythiazox (Nissoran) Imidacloprid (Konfidor, Prestige) Lambda-cyhalothrin (Karate)* Propargite (Omite) Pyridaben (Sunmite) Thiamethoxam (Actara) Thiacloprid (Callipso) *restricted-use products AgVANTAGE-Requested & EPA-Registered Insecticides

  6. Herbicides Bentazon (Basagran) Fluazifop-p-butyl (Fusilad Forte) Glyphosate (Kline, Roundup, Uragan) Prometryn (Gezagard) Metribuzin (Senkor) Nematicide Dazomet (Basaid) AgVANTAGE-Requested & EPA-Approved Herbicides & Nematicide

  7. 2,4-D2,4,5-TP (Silvex)AcrylamideAlachlorAtrazine BenzoapyreneCarbofuranChlordaneDalaponDi 2-ethylhexyl adipateDi 2-ethylhexyl phthalate DibromochloropropaneDinosebDioxin (2,3,7,8-TCDD)DiquatEndothall EndrinEpichlorohydrinEthylene dibromideGlyphosateHeptachlorHeptachlor epoxide Hexachlorobenzene HexachlorocyclopentadieneLindaneMethoxychlor Oxamyl [Vydate]PCBs [Polychlorinated biphenyls] Pentachlorophenol Picloram SimazineToxaphene  Some pesticides & toxic chemicals are known to go through the soil to drinking water wells (EPA)

  8. Ground and surface water contamination • In the USA, 10% of community wells and 4% of rural domestic wells have detectable levels of at least one of the 127 pesticides tested in a national survey (EPA 1990)

  9. Fungicides Kresoxim-methyl (Stroby) Metalaxyl (Ridomil) Triadimefon (Bayleton) Herbicides Glyphosate (Kline, Roundup, Uragan) Prometryn (Gezagard) Metribuzin (Senkor) Insecticides Diazinon (Basudin) Dimethoate (Bi-58) Imidacloprid (Konfidor, Prestige) Nematicide Dazomet (Basaid) AgVANTAGE-requested pesticides that may enter drinking water wells

  10. Honey bees pollinate crops

  11. Honey bees in the hive

  12. Pesticide sprays can kill honeybees

  13. Honeybee • 20% of all honeybee colonies are adversely affected by pesticides • 5% of U.S. honeybee colonies are killed during winter because of pesticide residue exposure in stored pollen (Mayer 1990)

  14. Fungicides Copper sulfate (Bordeaux mixture) Mancozeb (Mancozeb) Insecticides Chlorpyrifos (Dursban) Cypermethrin (Arrivo) Deltamethrin (Decis) Diazinon (Basudin) Lambda-cyhalothrin (Karate) AgVANTAGE-requested pesticides toxic to bees

  15. To avoid bee kills Try to select a pesticide & dosage that will kill the pest & not kill bees • If this is NOT possible: • Use the pesticide in the formulation least harmful to bees • Apply the pesticide early morning or early evening when bees are not visiting the crop • Warn local beekeepers before applying the pesticide • Move bee colonies away from sites where toxic pesticides are used

  16. Any susceptible honey bee hives in Georgia? Bee hives along road

  17. Many pesticides kill fish

  18. Fungicides Copper sulfate (Bordeaux mixture) Mancozeb (Mancozeb) Herbicides Fluazifop-p-butyl (Fusilad Forte) Prometryn (Gezagard) Insecticides Chlorpyrifos (Dursban)* Cypermethrin (Arrivo)* Deltamethrin (Decis)* Diazinon (Basudin) Hexythiazox (Nissoran) Lambda-cyhalothrin (Karate)* Propargite (Omite) Pyridaben (Sunmite) *very highly toxic to fish AgVANTAGE-requested pesticides toxic to fish

  19. Any susceptible fish farms in Georgia?

  20. Other environmental issues with pesticide use • Pesticides kill beneficial insects (those that eat crop pests) • Some pests become resistant to pesticides, requiring the use of much more pesticide to kill them, or change to another pesticide • Pesticides can poison cows, sheep, pigs • Toxicity to other plants & crops

  21. ENVIRONMENTAL AND ECONOMIC COSTS OF PESTICIDE USE IN THE USA Impact Costs Millions of US Dollars/year__________________________________________________________ • Public health impacts 1,140 • Domestic animals deaths and contaminations 30 • Loss of natural enemies that eat pests 520 • Cost of pesticide resistance 1,500 • Honeybee and pollination losses 334 • Crop losses 1,391 • Fishery losses 100 • Bird losses 2,160 • Groundwater contamination 2,000 • Government regulations to prevent damage 470 TOTAL 9,645 Source: Pimentel

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