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Rethinking Urban Water Use: Efficiency, and Conservation as Solutions to Water Problems. A California Case Study

California An Overview. 1995 (%)2020ChangePopulation(m)32.147.5 15.4Urban water use(maf)8.8 (11) 12.0 (15) 3.2Ag water use33.8 (43)31.5 (39)-2.3Urban per capita (gpcd) 132-349115-326One in every 8 people in the US live in CAPop'n density ranges from 2-16,000/mi2Fifth

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Rethinking Urban Water Use: Efficiency, and Conservation as Solutions to Water Problems. A California Case Study

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    1. Rethinking Urban Water Use: Efficiency, and Conservation as Solutions to Water Problems. A California Case Study Dana Haasz, Pacific Institute Oakland, California January, 2002

    2. California – An Overview 1995 (%) 2020 Change Population(m) 32.1 47.5 +15.4 Urban water use(maf) 8.8 (11) 12.0 (15) +3.2 Ag water use 33.8 (43) 31.5 (39) -2.3 Urban per capita (gpcd) 132-349 115-326 One in every 8 people in the US live in CA Pop’n density ranges from 2-16,000/mi2 Fifth largest economy in the world Avg annual precip ranges from 2-90 in Water is in the north, pop’n is in the south

    3. Policies 1980 : CA plumbing standards 1994: National Energy Policy Act (toilets & showerheads) 2000: National energy standards for washing machines 2002: CA passes water standards for washing machines, taking effect in 2007 1992: CA Urban Water Conservation Council is established. 14 voluntary BMPs are developed.

    4. The link between water use and economic growth can be broken

    5. California’s Economic “Productivity of Water”

    6. The Demand-Side Management Project QUESTIONS: I.What is current demand? II. What is the conservation potential? What is technically feasible? What is socially/politically feasible? III. How much does conserving water cost? IV. How much can be conserved cost-effectively?

    7. METHODS Analysis based on end-use Savings calculated for: Toilets Showerheads* Washing machines* Dishwashers* Leaks Landscape use *Includes energy savings Economic analysis based on costs to consumer

    8. RESULTS Over 700 TAF captured since NEPA went into effect

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