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ACIDS

ACIDS. A substance that produces HYDROGEN (H + ) or HYDRONIUM (H 3 O + ) ions in solution. Properties of Acids. *Taste Sour *Corrosive *Are Electrolytes *pH range 0 - 6.9 *Neutralizes Bases *Donates protons *Contains many H + ions and a few OH - ions *Formulas begin with “H”

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ACIDS

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  1. ACIDS A substance that produces HYDROGEN (H+) or HYDRONIUM (H3O+) ions in solution

  2. Properties of Acids *Taste Sour *Corrosive *Are Electrolytes *pH range 0 - 6.9 *Neutralizes Bases *Donates protons *Contains many H+ ions and a few OH- ions *Formulas begin with “H” *Ionizes in H2O (HCl H+ + Cl-) Considered strong if completely ionizes

  3. Examples of STRONG Acids • Sulfuric Acid (H2SO4) - Battery Acid • Nitric Acid (HNO3) - Explosives • Phosphoric Acid (H3PO4) - Fertilizers • Hydrochloric Acid (HCl) - Stomach Acid, Cleans Metal

  4. Examples of WEAK Acids • Citric Acid (C6H8O7) - Lemons, Oranges • Acetic Acid (CH3COOH) - Vinegar • Formic Acid (CH2O2) - Ant Bites • Carbonic Acid (H2CO3) - Soft Drinks

  5. BASES A substance that produces HYDROXIDE (OH-) in solution

  6. Properties of Bases *Feels Slippery *Called Alkaline *Formula ends in “OH” *Contains many OH- ions and a few H+ ions Except for AMMONIA *Accepts Protons *Neutralizes Acids *Corrosive *Are Electrolytes *Taste Bitter *pH range 7.1 - 14 *Dissolves Oil and Grease (Makes Good Cleaners)

  7. Examples of Bases • Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH) - Lye - Draino • Ammonia (NH3) - Windex & Mr. Clean • Calcium Hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) - Plaster • Potassium Hydroxide (KOH) - Antacids & Deodorants • Ammonium Hydroxide (NH4OH) - Household Cleaner

  8. Strengths of Acids & Bases • Strength is based on the ease of the formation of ions in solution • Strong acids & bases almost complete dissociate (form ions) in solution • Weak acids & bases only partly form ions in solution • Can tell the strength by the pH scale

  9. The pH Scale • A measure of the HYDRONIUM (H3O+) concentration • Describes the exact concentration of H+ ions: H+ reacts with H2O to form H3O+ • Reading the Scale • 0 – 6.9 = Acid • 7 = Neutral • 7.1 – 14 = Base

  10. pH Scale Importance • Plays an important role in digestion • Balance in necessary in bodies of water to keep fish and plants alive • Industry Uses: fertilizer, soft drinks, cleaners, shampoos

  11. Indicators Substances that have different colors in an acid or a base

  12. Types of Indicators • Litmus Paper • Turns BLUE in a BASE • Turns RED in an ACID • pH Paper • Color changes based on pH scale • Phenolphthalein • Turns PINK in a BASE • Turns COLORLESS or CLOUDY in an ACID

  13. Natural Indicators • Tea • Turns YELLOW when ACID is added (Lemons) • Hydrangea Flowers • Flowers are RED in ACIDIC soil • Flowers are BLUE in BASIC soil • Red Cabbage Juice • Turns a variety of colors to show pH

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