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CHAPTER 22 Nuclear Chemistry

CHAPTER 22 Nuclear Chemistry. II. Radioactive Decay (p. 705 - 712). I. II. III. IV. A. Types of Radiation. Alpha particle ( ) helium nucleus. paper. 2+. Beta particle ( -) electron. 1-. lead. Positron ( +) positron. 1+. concrete. Gamma ( ) high-energy photon. 0.

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CHAPTER 22 Nuclear Chemistry

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  1. CHAPTER22 Nuclear Chemistry II. Radioactive Decay (p. 705 - 712) I II III C. Johannesson IV

  2. A. Types of Radiation • Alpha particle () • helium nucleus paper 2+ • Beta particle (-) • electron 1- lead • Positron (+) • positron 1+ concrete • Gamma () • high-energy photon 0 C. Johannesson

  3. parent nuclide alpha particle daughter nuclide B. Nuclear Decay • Alpha Emission Numbers must balance!! C. Johannesson

  4. electron positron B. Nuclear Decay • Beta Emission • Positron Emission C. Johannesson

  5. electron B. Nuclear Decay • Electron Capture • Gamma Emission • Usually follows other types of decay. • Transmutation • One element becomes another. C. Johannesson

  6. B. Nuclear Decay • Why nuclides decay… • need stable ratio of neutrons to protons C. Johannesson DECAY SERIES TRANSPARENCY

  7. C. Half-life • Half-life (t½) • Time required for half the atoms of a radioactive nuclide to decay. • Shorter half-life = less stable. C. Johannesson

  8. C. Half-life mf:final mass mi:initial mass n:# of half-lives C. Johannesson

  9. C. Half-life • Fluorine-21 has a half-life of 5.0 seconds. If you start with 25 g of fluorine-21, how many grams would remain after 60.0 s? GIVEN: t½ = 5.0 s mi = 25 g mf = ? total time = 60.0 s n = 60.0s ÷ 5.0s =12 WORK: mf = mi (½)n mf = (25 g)(0.5)12 mf = 0.0061 g C. Johannesson

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