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Specifying Soils for Complex Landscapes presentation outline

Specifying Soils for Complex Landscapes presentation outline. Soil Design Strategies • Natural vs Blended • Simple vs Complex Specifying Blended Soils • components • mix ratios vs use • specification controls Teardrop Park • horticultural strategy

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Specifying Soils for Complex Landscapes presentation outline

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  1. Specifying Soils for Complex Landscapespresentation outline Soil Design Strategies • Natural vs Blended • Simple vs Complex Specifying Blended Soils •components • mix ratios vs use • specification controls Teardrop Park • horticultural strategy • specifications Robert Pine, PE, MLA, ASLA Pine&Swallow ENVIRONMENTAL

  2. Soil Design StrategiesNatural vs Blended Natural “Loam” Dealer Blended Soils Controlled performance, Sustainable Limited Resource Mix of whatever came in that day Pine&Swallow Specifying Soils for Complex Landscapes

  3. Soil Design StrategiesNatural vs Blended Simple vs Complex Landscapes Tanglewood Teardrop Park Pine&Swallow Specifying Soils for Complex Landscapes

  4. Specifying Blended Soils Components Sand Base Loam Compost Blended Soil Pine&Swallow Specifying Soils for Complex Landscapes

  5. Specifying Blended Soils Components Natural Topsoil Provides • silt and clay particles • stable organics • cation exchange capacity • natural soil biology As percentage in a blend increases • nutrient and water holding capacities ↑ • infiltration rate and aeration ↓ • resistance to compaction ↓ Note: Good quality topsoil is required for appropriate gradation, organics and soil biology. Pine&Swallow Specifying Soils for Complex Landscapes

  6. Specifying Blended Soils Components Uniform Coarse Sand Provides • structure • macropore space As percentage in a blend increases • aeration ↑ • infiltration rate ↑ • resistance to compaction ↑ • water holding capacity ↓ • nutrient holding capacity ↓ Note: Well graded sand reduces aeration, infiltration and resistance to compaction! Pine&Swallow Specifying Soils for Complex Landscapes

  7. Specifying Blended Soils Components Mature Compost Provides • organic content • micro-organisms As percentage in a blend increases • water holding capacity ↑ • soil biology ↑ • resistance to compaction ↑ • resistance to anaerobic conditions ↓ Note: Immature compost creates bad soil biology and increased vulnerability to anaerobic conditions. Pine&Swallow Specifying Soils for Complex Landscapes

  8. Specifying Blended Soils Specification Controls Primary Mix Design Specifications Purpose • define the soil blend • control soil properties • Estimated Mix Ratio for each soil • Grain Size Distribution • Coefficient of Uniformity • Organic Content • Horticultural Requirements (CEC, pH, nutrients, etc.) • Compaction Range • Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity at maximum compaction Pine&Swallow Specifying Soils for Complex Landscapes

  9. Specifying Blended Soils Specification Controls Primary Process Specifications Purpose • Testing and confirmation of base materials: sand, loam, compost • Testing to confirm mix ratios • Batch production and testing prior to delivery for quality control • Handling and Placement procedures • Control of wet soils • Ensure quality control • Protect soil quality Pine&Swallow Specifying Soils for Complex Landscapes

  10. Teardrop Park Horticultural Strategy Pine&Swallow Specifying Soils for Complex Landscapes

  11. Teardrop Park Specifications High Use Turf • Soil Requirements • • Withstand heavy use • • High infiltration rate Specifications Mix Ratio * 3S : 1.5L : 1C % passing 270 sieve 11 -14% Uniformity ratio D70/D20 < 4.5 Organic content 4 - 5% Compaction 86 - 88% Hydraulic conductivity > 4 inches/hr * S = Sand L = Base Loam C = Compost Pine&Swallow Specifying Soils for Complex Landscapes

  12. Teardrop Park Specifications Passive Use Lawn (not used at Teardrop Park) Specifications Mix Ratio * 2S : 1.5L : 1C % passing 270 sieve 15 - 18% Uniformity ratio D70/D20 < 5.0 Organic content 4 - 6% Compaction 84 - 86% Hydraulic conductivity > 3 inches/hr * S = Sand L = Base Loam C = Compost • Soil Requirements • • Withstand moderate use • • Moderate infiltration rate • • Reduced water requirements Pine&Swallow Specifying Soils for Complex Landscapes

  13. Teardrop Park Specifications Horticultural Subsoil • Soil Requirements: • • rooting zone for trees / shrubs • • free draining • • not vulnerable to anaerobics Specifications Mix Ratio * 2S : 1L % passing 270 sieve 14 - 18% Uniformity ratio D70/D20 < 6.0 Organic content 2 - 3% Compaction 82 - 85% Hydraulic conductivity > 2 inches/hr * S = Sand L = Base Loam C = Compost Pine&Swallow Specifying Soils for Complex Landscapes

  14. Teardrop Park Specifications Trees with understory no ground cover Specifications Mix Ratio * 2S : 1L : 3C % passing 270 sieve 11 - 16% Uniformity ratio D70/D20 < 6.0 Organic content 9 - 11% Compaction 84 - 86% Hydraulic conductivity > 3 inches/hr * S = Sand L = Base Loam C = Compost • Soil Requirements: • • recreate natural forest soil profile • • encouraging shallow feeder roots • • deep rooting in horticultural subsoil Pine&Swallow Specifying Soils for Complex Landscapes

  15. Teardrop Park Specifications Trees with understory with ground cover • Soil Requirements: • • recreate natural forest soil profile • • suitable for ground cover plants Specifications Mix Ratio * 2S : 1L : 2C % passing 270 sieve 11 - 16% Uniformity ratio D70/D20 < 6.0 Organic content 6 - 9% Compaction 86 - 88% Hydraulic conductivity > 3 inches/hr * S = Sand L = Base Loam C = Compost Pine&Swallow Specifying Soils for Complex Landscapes

  16. Teardrop Park Specifications Marsh Planting Soil Specifications Mix Ratio * 1S : 2C % passing 270 sieve 8 - 12% Uniformity ratio D70/D20 < 4.5 Organic content 10 - 12% Compaction 82 - 85% Hydraulic conductivity > 4 inches/hr Note: Medium Sand not Coarse * S = Sand L = Base Loam C = Compost • Soil Requirements: • • saturated conditions • • support wetland plantings • • high water holding capacity Pine&Swallow Specifying Soils for Complex Landscapes

  17. Teardrop Park Specifications Boulder Base Mix • Soil Requirements: • • structural support for • heavy boulders • • horticultural support for plantings Specifications Mix Ratio: 1 part 1.5 to 2 inch crushed stone 1 part tree soil mix Placed beneath heavy boulders and compacted thoroughly Pine&Swallow Specifying Soils for Complex Landscapes

  18. Teardrop Park Specifications Steep slopes • Soil Requirements: • • provide long term stability • • protection from erosion • • tree horticultural support Specifications Mix Ratio: 2 to 4 oz fibers per cubic foot thoroughly mixed with planting soil Placed and compacted to normal compaction range for specified planting medium Pine&Swallow Specifying Soils for Complex Landscapes

  19. Teardrop Park Specifications Trees in paved areas • Soil Requirements: • • provide tree rooting volume • • provide support for pavement • • prevent settlements Specifications Mix Ratio * 4S : 1L : 1C % passing 270 sieve 7 - 9% Uniformity ratio D70/D20 < 3 Organic content 2 - 3% Compaction 92 - 94% Hydraulic conductivity > 6 inches/hr * S = Sand L = Base Loam C = Compost Pine&Swallow Specifying Soils for Complex Landscapes

  20. Specifying Soils for Complex Landscapesrecap Soil Design Strategies • Natural vs Blended • Simple vs Complex Specifying Blended Soils •components • mix ratios vs use • specification controls Teardrop Park • horticultural strategy • specifications Robert Pine, PE, ASLA Pine&Swallow ENVIRONMENTAL

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