Commercial Opportunities to Use GPS for Sustainable Development

1. Commercial Opportunities to Use GPS for Sustainable Development Jason Y. Kim, Senior Advisor Global Space Technology ForumAbu Dhabi, United Arab EmiratesDecember 7, 2009

2. The Global Positioning System • Baseline 24 satellite constellation in medium earth orbit • 31 satellites currently available to users (as of Dec 3, 2009) • Global coverage, 24 hours a day, all weather conditions • Civil service performance commitment met continuously since 1993 • Satellites broadcast precise time and orbit information on L-band radio frequencies • Two types of service: • Standard (free of direct user fees) • Precise (U.S. and Allied military) • Owned and operated by U.S. Government • Paid for by U.S. taxpayers • Acquired and operated by Air Force • Guided at national level by civilian and military leadership

3. Defense Transportation State Interior NATIONALEXECUTIVE COMMITTEEFOR SPACE-BASED PNT Executive Steering Group Co-Chairs: Defense, Transportation ADVISORY BOARD Sponsor: NASA Agriculture Commerce NATIONAL COORDINATION OFFICE Host: Commerce Homeland Security Joint Chiefs of Staff NASA GPS International Working Group Chair: State Engineering Forum Co-Chairs: Defense, Transportation National-Level Attention to GPS WHITE HOUSE Ad HocWorking Groups

4. U.S. Policy Promotes Global Use of GPS Technology • No direct user fees for civil GPS services • Provided on a continuous, worldwide basis • Open, free access to information necessary to use civil GPS and augmentations • Anyone can develop applications, user equipment, and value-added services • Encourages market-driven competition • Global compatibility and interoperability with GPS • Service improvements for civil, commercial, and scientific users worldwide • Protection of radionavigation spectrum from disruption and interference U.S. policy on civil GPS access has been stable and consistent for 25+ years

5. GPS is a Critical Component of the Global Information Infrastructure Satellite Operations Aviation Surveying & Mapping Precision Agriculture Communications Power Grids Disease Control Trucking & Shipping Personal Navigation Fishing & Boating Oil Exploration

6. GPS Offers Enormous Valueto Developing Nations • Obviates need to develop local infrastructure for positioning, navigation, and timing • Example: Availability of GPS time eliminates need to build terrestrial time distribution networks • Supports a wide range of sustainable development activities including: • Surveying, mapping, GIS • Construction, mining • Agriculture • Timing for telecom, banking, power grid management • Disaster management • Environmental stewardship

7. Surveying, Mapping, GIS • Surveying is essential to any new development • Electrification • Telecom tower placement • Pipeline installation • Dam construction • Port dredging • GPS enables 2-5 cm real-time positioning accuracy • Mm-level accuracy possible with post-mission data processing • 100%-300% savings in time, cost, labor • Stakeless, paperless surveys

8. Construction, Mining • Faster site preparation • Enhanced management of assets, equipment • More efficient asset utilization • Less idling of workers, machinery • Precise machine control • Up to 70% increased job site productivity • Saves time, fuel, and emissions • Reduces maintenance • Prevents accidents • Automated, wireless job tasking • Smaller, more empowered workforce – no foreman • Real-time progress tracked remotely

9. Agriculture • Improved management of land, machinery, personnel, time • Optimized placement of crop rows, seeds • Enhanced monitoring of crop yields, soil quality, problems • Automated, 24-hour operations using lighter equipment, less fuel, less labor • Plant-specific applications of water, fertilizer, pesticides, herbicides • Up to 80% increase in efficiency • Greater crop yields, profit margins • Environmental benefits • Reduced chemical use • Precise leveling of fields reduces runoff • Strip tillage/no tillage releases less CO2 • Reduced CO2 emissions from lighter, more efficient machinery

10. Timing • GPS offers an inexpensive alternative to high-maintenance timing equipment, networks • Synchronization, management of communication networks • Phones, pagers, wireless systems • LANs, WANs, Internet, satellites • Cell phone tower handoffs • Digital TV • Financial transactions • Stock exchanges • ATMs • E-commerce • Power grid management • Load balancing • Fault detection, location

11. Disaster Management • Assists in disaster planning efforts such as flood plain mapping • Helps relief workers navigate disaster areas devoid of landmarks • Facilitates containment and management of wildfires • Enables disaster warning systems • GPS-equipped buoys for tsunami warnings • GPS ground networks monitor crustal motion, earthquakes

12. Environmental Stewardship • Climate monitoring • Sea level rise measurements • Ice sheet change observations • Atmospheric moisture profiles • Reduced greenhouse gas emissions • Efficient routing of aircraft, trucks, and other vehicles • Reduction of vehicle fleet idle times • Oil and chemical spill cleanup • Positioning, modeling of spills to guide remediation efforts • Commercial fishing • Enforcement of fishery boundaries • Forestry • Monitoring of illegal deforestation

13. New Applications Appear Every Day • Mobile applications • Location based services • Localized GIS datasets • Personal, pet safety • GPS radio occultation • Road use taxation

14. Emerging Market Opportunities • Use of new civil GPS capabilities • Combined use of GPS and international systems • Integration of GPS with other positioning, navigation, and timing (PNT) capabilities

15. New Civil GPS Capabilities • Ongoing modernization program is adding three new civil GPS signals • L2C, L5, L1C -- in addition to existing L1 C/A • Technical documentation available online, free • Availability of new GPS capabilities will drive user equipment sales, upgrades • New signal designs and signal combinations will spur new applications, markets

16. New Civil GPS Capabilities:Second Civil Signal (L2C) • Designed to meet commercial needs • Higher accuracy via ionospheric correction • Eliminates need for “semi-codeless” GPS technology, which is being phased out by 2020 • Required upgrades will drive equipment sales • Expected to generate over $5 billion in user productivity benefits • Currently available on 7 operational satellites • On 24 satellites by 2016 Benefits existing professional receivers Increases accuracyfor consumers Supports miniaturization, possible indoor use

17. New Civil GPS Capabilities:Third Civil Signal (L5) • Designed to meet demanding requirements for transport safety • Uses highly protected Aeronautical Radionavigation Service (ARNS) band • Will lead to new sales of dual-frequency equipment for aircraft, other vehicles • Commercial innovation expected from availability of triple-frequency GPS • Sub-meter, standalone positioning • Opportunity for international interoperability • Demo signal activated in April 2009 • GPS IIF satellites with L5 begin launching in June 2010 • 24 satellites by 2018

18. New Civil GPS Capabilities:Fourth Civil Signal (L1C) • Designed with international partners for interoperability • Modernized civil signal at L1 frequency • More robust navigation across a broad range of user applications • Improved performance in challenged tracking environments • Original signal retained for backward compatibility • Launches with GPS III in 2014 • On 24 satellites by ~2021 Under trees Inside cities

19. Combined Use of GPS andInternational Systems • Many nations are developing GPS augmentations and/or independent satellite navigation systems • Europe (Galileo, EGNOS), Russia (Glonass, SDCM), China (Compass), Japan (QZSS, MSAS), India (IRNSS, GAGAN) • USG is consulting with all of them to promote GPS compatibility and interoperability • Ideally, this will allow seamless, combined use of multiple systems for improved performance • Future users will want to use all available systems, driving new equipment sales and applications -- significant commercial opportunities, BUT: • Must maintain level playing field in global marketplace • Equal access to signals, information, and user markets • No mandated use of one system over another

20. Integration of GPS withOther PNT Capabilities • Growing dependence on GPS for critical applications creates potential vulnerabilities • GPS signal is susceptible to interference • Integration of GPS technology with complementary or backup capabilities has begun • Cell-based positioning, WiFi hotspot location, digital compasses, accelerometers, inertial sensors, etc. • Future technologies may include eLoran, chip-scale atomic clocks • As users recognize limitations of GPS, demand for integrated PNT capabilities may increase – creating market opportunities

21. Summary • U.S. policy promotes global use of GPS technology • GPS offers enormous value to developing nations • Supports a wide range of sustainable development activities • New commercial markets will open as: • GPS modernization occurs • International systems emerge • Users seek more robust PNT services

22. For Additional Information GPS.gov PNT.gov

23. 6822 Herbert C. Hoover Building14th & Constitution Ave., NWWashington, D.C. 20230 Tel: +1 (202) 482-5809Email: PNT.office@PNT.gov