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CH – 6 G[8JS"GF bIF,M

CH – 6 G[8JS"GF bIF,M. Prepared By : Amin Sir. Data Communication sDFlCTL ;RFZf. DFlCTL ;RFZ V[S V[JL 5|lS|IF K[ H[DF V[SALHF ;FY[ DFlCTLGL VF5v,[ SZTF ,MSMGM ;DFJ[X YFI K[P. DFlCTL ;RFZDF D]bI RFZ 38SMGM ;DFJ[X YFI K[P. ;N[XM (Message) DFlCTL DMS,GFZ (Sender)

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CH – 6 G[8JS"GF bIF,M

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  1. CH – 6 G[8JS"GF bIF,M Prepared By : Amin Sir

  2. Data Communication sDFlCTL ;\RFZf • DFlCTL ;\RFZ V[S V[JL 5|lS|IF K[ H[DF\ V[SALHF ;FY[ DFlCTLGL • VF5v,[ SZTF\ ,MSMGM ;DFJ[X YFI K[P • DFlCTL ;\RFZDF\ D]bI RFZ 38SMGM ;DFJ[X YFI K[P • ;\N[XM (Message) • DFlCTL DMS,GFZ (Sender) • DFlCTL D[/JGFZ (Receiver) • 5|;FZ6 DFwID (Transmission Medium)

  3. Protocols • 5|M8MSM, V[8,[ DFlCTL ;\RFZG]\ lGIDG SZTF S[8,FS lGIDMP • 5|;FZ6 DF8[ ;\RFZ SZTF\ ;FWGM JrR[ S[8,FS lGIDMG]\ 5F,G • H~ZL K[P • 5|M8MSM, JUZ A[ ;FWGM V[SALHF ;FY[ HM0FI[,F CMJF KTF\ T[DGL • JrR[ ;O/TF5}J"S ;\RFZ XSI G AGL XS[P

  4. Protocols • A[ ;FWGM JrR[GM ;\RFZ +6 ZLT[ XSI AGL XS[P • V[SDFUL"I (simplex) • VW" v l£DFUL"I (half – duplex) • 5}6" l£DFUL"I (full – duplex)

  5. Simplex sV[SDFUL"If sV[S H ;DI[ 0[8FJCGGL lNXFf pNFo ;L5LI] VG[ DMlG8Z

  6. sV[S ;DI[ 0[8FJCGGL lNXFf sALHF ;DI[ 0[8FJCGGL lNXFf Half – Duplex sVW" l£DFUL"If pNFo JMSL v 8MSL

  7. sSM. 56 ;DI[ 0[8FJCGGL lNXFf Full – Duplex s;\5}6" l£DFUL"If pNFo DMAF., OMG

  8. Need of Computer Network sSd%I}8Z G[8JS"GL H~lZIFTMf • ;\;FWGMGL JC[\R6L o ;MO8J[Z TYF CF0"J[ZGM BR" W8F0JF DF8[ • h05 o G[8JS" 5Z p5,aW OF.,M VG[ ;\;FWGMGM VF56[ h05YL p5IMU SZL XSLV[ KLV[P • ;\RFZ ;]JLWFVM o VMG,F.G ZC[,F ,MSM ;FY[ ;\N[XFVMGL VF5,[ SZL XSLV[ KLV[P T[DH JLl0VM SMgOZ;L\U VG[ 8[,L SMgOZ;L\U SZJFDF\ 56 ;\RFZ ;]JLWFVM p5IMUL K[P

  9. Network Attributes sG[8JS"GF U]6WDM"f • G[8JS"GF U]6WDM"G[ A[ 5|SFZDF\ JC[\RL XSFIP • HM0F6GF 5|SFZM • EF{lTS 8M5M,MHL

  10. Types of Connection sHM0F6GF 5|SFZMf • G[8JS" V[ l,gS DFZOT A[ S[ T[YL JW] Sd%I}8ZMGM ;D]C K[ P • V[S ;FWGYL ALHF ;FWG ;]WL 0[8FG[ 5CM\RF0TL ;\RFZ jIJ:YFG[ l,gS SC[JFDF\ VFJ[ K[P • ;\RFZ YJF DF8[ A[ ;FWGM V[S H ;DI[ V[S H l,gS ;FY[ HM0FI[,F CMJF H~ZL K[P • D]bItJ[ A[ 5|SFZGF HM0F6 XSI K[P !f 5M.g8 8] 5M.g8 VG[ Zf Dl<85M.g8

  11. Point – to – Point DEVICE 1 DEVICE 2 Link VF HM0F6 A[ ;FWGM JrR[GL ;5}6" ;Dl5"T l,gS VF5[ K[P VFJF ;FWGM S[A, VYJF p5U|C l,gS DFZOT[ HM0FI[,F CMI K[P l,gSGL 5}Z[5}ZL 1FDTF VF A[ ;FWGM JrR[ 5|;FZ6 DF8[ VGFDT ZFBJFDF\ VFJ[ K[P VF HM0F6 DF8[ JFIZ S[ S[A,GM p5IMU YFI K[ KTF\ DF.S|MJ[J VG[ ;[8[,F.8 l,gS H[JF lJS<5M 56 XSI K[P VF56[ lZDM8 Sg8=M, £FZF 8LPJL GL R[G, AN,LV[ KLV[ tIFZ[ 8LPJLP GF Sg8=M, ;[8 VG[ lZDM8 JrR[ VF 5|SFZG]\ HM0F6 YFI K[P

  12. Multipoint DEVICE 1 DEVICE 2 SERVER Link DEVICE 3 VF HM0F6DF\ A[ SZTF JW] ;FWGM V[S H l,gSGM p5IMU SZ[ K[P VF HM0F6DF\ ;J"Z £FZF V,U V,U Sd%I}8";G[ V[SALHF ;FY[ HM0JFDF\ VFJ[ K[P

  13. Topology l,gS JrR[GF EF{UMl,S ;\AWM VG[ ;\RFZ SZTF ;FWGMYL 8M5M,MHLG]\ ;H"G YFI K[P G[8JS"GL EF{TLS 8M5M,MHL V[SALHF ;FY[ HM0FI[,F A[ S[ T[YL JW] ;FWGMGF ;\IMHGGL K[P

  14. Topology • D[X 8M5M,MHL (Mesh Topology) • A; 8M5M,MHL (Bus Topology) • :8FZ 8M5M,MHL (Star Topology) • lZ\U 8M5M,MHL (Ring Topology) G[8JS"GL 8M5M,MHLGF D]bI RFZ 5|SFZ GLR[ D]HA K[P

  15. Mesh Topology • VF 8M5M,MHL 5M.g8 8] 5M.g8 HM0F6GM 5|SFZ K[P • VF 8M5M,MHLDF\ A[ ;FWG JrR[ ;Dl5"T l,gS CMI K[P • ;Dl5"T l,gS V[8,[ l,gS JrR[ HM0FI[,F A\G[ ;FWGM JrR[GM 8=FOLS JCG SZ[ K[P • VF 5|SFZGF HM0F6DF\ A[ ;FWGM JrR[ U]5tTF VG[ ;,FDTL HF/JL XSFI K[P

  16. Mesh Topology • OFINF o BFDL 5S0L 5F0JL VG[ BFDLJF/L l,gSG[ N]Z SZJL VF 8M5M,MHLDF\ ;Z/ K[P

  17. Mesh Topology • U[ZOFINF o JW] S[A,GL H~Z4 JW] HuIFGL H~Z4 H8L, CF0"J[Z4 NZ[S ;FWG NZ[S ALHF ;FWG ;FY[ HM0FI T[YL Installation VG[ 5]GoUM9J6L TS,LO~5 AG[ K[P

  18. Bus Topology • VF 8M5M,MHL Dl<85M.g8 HM0F6GM V[S 5|SFZ K[P SFZ6S[ SZM0ZHH] ;DFG V[S S[A, £FZF NZ[S Sd%I}8ZG[ V[SALHF ;FY[ HM0JFDF\ VFJ[ K[P • OFINF o AWF H Sd%I}8Z G[ V[S H S[A, £FZF V[SALHF ;FY[ HM0FI[, CMI T[GM VD, SZJM ;Z/ AG[ K[P • GJF ;FWG 56 HM0JF B]A H ;Z/ AG[ K[ S[DS[ H[ S[A, JW[, CMI tIF\ GJF ;FWGM HM0L VF 8M5M,MHLG[ VFU/ JWFZL XSLV[ KLV[

  19. Bus Topology

  20. Bus Topology • U[ZOFINF o HM S[A,DF\ E\UF/ YFI TM VFB] G[8JS" A\W 50L HFI K[P • HM D]bI S[A,GL ,\AF. VMKL CMI TM GJF ;FWGM HM0L XSFTF GYLP • HM GJF Sd%I}8Z HM0JFDF\ VFJ[ TM VFB]\ G[8JS" WLD\] Y. HFI K[P

  21. Star Topology • VF 8M5M,MHLDF\ NZ[S Sd%I}8ZG[ lGI\+S Sd%I}8Z VYJF CA ;FY[ 5M.g8 8] 5M.g8 l,gS J0[ HM0JFDF\ VFJ[ K[P • NZ[S ;FWGG[ V[SALHF ;FY[ ;LW] HM0F6 CMT] GYL 56 5Z\T] NZ[S ;FWG DwI:Y 0[8F lJlGDI S[g§sData Exchange Centerf;FY[ HM0FI[,] CMI K[P

  22. Star Topology • SM. ;FWGG[ HM ALHF ;FWGG[ 0[8F DMS,JM CMI TM T[6[ 5C[,F DwI:Y lGI\+SG[ 0[8F DMS,JM 50[ K[ tIFZ AFN T[ 0[8F lGIT ;FWGG[ DMS,L VF5[ K[P

  23. Star Topology • OFINF o DwI:Y lGI\+S ;FY[ JW] ;FWGM HM0LG[ VF56[ .rKF VG];FZ G[8JS" JWFZL XSLV[ KLV[P • G[8JS"DF\ HM S. 5|MA,[d; YFI TM T[G[ 5S0L XSFI K[P • G[8JS"DF\YL SM. ;FWGG[ SF-L GFBJFDF\ VFJ[ TM 56 G[8JS"G[ S. V;Z YTL GYLP • DwI:Y lGI\+S l,gSGL TS,LOMG]\ lGIDG SZ[ K[ VG[ 1FlTJF/L l,gSG[ VJU6LG[ VFU/G]\ SFD SZ[ K[P

  24. Star Topology • U[ZOFINF o VFDF\ A; 8M5M,MHL SZTF JW] S[A,GL H~Z 50[ K[P • HM DwI:Y lGI\+S lGQO/ YFI TM T[GL ;FY[ HM0FI[, AWF GM0 lGQO/ YFI K[P • DwI:Y lGI\+SGF BR"G[ ,LW[ ;DF\TZ S[A, JF/L A; 8M5M,MHL SZTF VF 8M5M,MHL JW] BRF"/ K[P

  25. Ring Topology • VF 8M5M,MHLDF\ NZ[S Sd%I}8";G[ 5M.g8 8] 5M.g8 l,gS J0[ HM0JFDF\ VFJ[ K[P • NZ[S ;FWGG[ T[GL VFH] AFH]GF ;FWG ;FY[ HM0F6 CMI K[ VG[ NZ[S ;FWG JW]DF JW] A[ Sd%I}8"; ;FY[ HM0FI[, CMI K[P

  26. Ring Topology • OFINF o lZ\U 8M5M,MHLGL ZRGF VG[ VD, B]A H ;Z/ K[P DF+ A[ HM0F6M AN,LG[ SM.56 ;FWGG[ pD[ZL S[ SF-L XSFI K[P

  27. D 6 D 5 D 1 D 4 D 2 D 3 Ring Topology • U[ZOFINF o V[S TZOL 8=FOLS T[DH lZ\UDF\ V[SFN E\UF6 VFBF G[8JS"G[ GSFD]\ AGFJ[ K[P

  28. Tree Topology • VF 8M5M,MHLDF\ A; VG[ :8FZ 8M5M,MHLGL ,F1F6LSTFVMGM ;DFJ[X SZJFDF\ VFJ[, K[P • G[8JS" ,F\AF V\TZ ;]WL 5|;FlZT Y. XS[ DF8[ DwI:Y CA VG[ UF{6 CAGM p5IMU SZJFDF\ VFJ[ K[P • H[DF\ DwI:Y CA 0[8F DMS,JFGL :5L0DF\ JWFZM SZ[ K[ VG[ UF{6 CAGM p5IMU OST ;FWGMGF HM0F6 DF8[ YFI K[P

  29. Tree Topology • OFINF oV[S DwI:Y CA ;FY[ JW] ;FWGM HM0L XSFI K[P • NZ[S ;FWGG[ 5M.g8 8] 5M.g8 HM0F6 p5,aW AG[ K[P

  30. Tree Topology • U[ZOFINF o HM l,gS DwI:Y CAYL K}8L 50[ TM VFB]\ G[8JS" A\W Y. HFI K[P • VF 8M5M,MHLDF\ 8=FOLSGF 5|`GM 56 ZC[ K[P

  31. Network A Bus Network B Network C Star Star Hybrid Topology

  32. Hybrid Topology • VF 8M5M,MHLDF\ VF56[ D[X4 :8FZ4 lZ\U S[ A; 8M5M,MHLG]\ H~ZLIFT D]HA ;\IMHG SZL XSLV[ KLV[P • VFS'lTDF\ NXF"jIF 5|DF6[ G[8JS" A A; VG[ G[8JS" B TYF C :8FZ 8M5M,MHL K[P • VF 8M5M,MHLDF\ HM SM.56 G[8JS"DF\YL V[SFN Sd%I}8Z A\W Y. HFI TM G[8JS"G[ SM. V;Z YTL GYLP 56 T[GM VFWFZ SIF 5|SFZGL 8M5M,MHLG]\ ;\IMHG SZFJFI[, K[ T[GF 5Z VFWFZ ZFB[ K[P

  33. Types of Network sG[8JS"GF 5|SFZMf • LAN (Local Area Network • MAN (Metropolitan Area Network) • WAN (Wide Area Network)

  34. Local Area Network • 10 DL8Z YL 1 lS,MDL8Z ;]WL Sd%I}8;"G[ V[SALHF ;FY[ HM0JF DF8[ Local Area Network GM p5IMU YFI K[P • V[S AC]DF/L DSFG S[ XF/FVMDF\ Sd%I}8;"G[ V[SALHF ;FY[ HM0JF DF8[ LocalArea Network GM p5IMU YFI K[P

  35. Local Area Network • VF56[ LANG[ T[GF SNGF p5IMU J0[ S[ T[GL 8M5M,MHLGF VFWFZ[ VM/BL XSLV[ KLV[P • LAN DF+ V[S H 8M5M,MHLGM p5IMU SZL XS[ K[P

  36. Metropolitan Area Network • VF G[8JS" 8[,LJLhG S[A,GL H[D V[SFN G[8JS" CMI S[ !) SLPDL DF8[ T[ LAN G]\ HM0F6 56 CM. XS[P • 1 SLPDL SZTF JW] V\TZ[ VFJ[,L SM. A[ S\5GLVM T[DGL 5F;[GF ;\;FWGMGM p5IMU JC[\RJF .rKTF CMI TM T[ DF8[ LAN GL S[8,LS DIF"NFVM K[P

  37. Metropolitan Area Network • T[D KTF T[ ;\:YFVMGL XFBFDF\LAN G]\ VF\TZHM0F6 SZJFYL 0[8F VG[ ;\;FWGMGM p5IMU JC[\RL XSFI K[P • V[S XC[ZDF\ DM8F lJ:TFZDF\ 0[8FG[ JC[\RL ,[JFGL 1FDTF V[ MAN GM ;F[YL DM8M OFINM K[P

  38. Metropolitan Area Network

  39. Wide Area Network • V[S ALHF N[XDF\ S[ V,U V,U XC[ZMDF\ DFlCTLGL VF5,[ SZJF DF8[ VF 5|SFZGF G[8JS"GM p5IMU YFI K[P • .g8ZG[8 V[S WAN K[ H[ ;DU| lJ`JDF\ O[,FI[, K[P

  40. Types of Protocols • TCP(Transmission Control Protocol) • IP(Internet Protocol) • TELNET(Telecommunication Network) • FTP(File Transfer Protocol) • HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol)

  41. Open System Interconnection Model • A[ Sd%I}8ZMG[ V[SALHF ;FY[ DFlCTLGL VF5,[ SZJF DF8[ T[D6[ S[8,FS RMSS; ;\RFZ V\U[GF lGIT WMZ6MG[ VG];ZJ]\ 50[ K[P • ISOs.g8ZG[XG, :8Fg00"0 VMU["[GF.h[XGf V[ VF\TZFQ8=LI WMZ6M 5Z lJ`JjIF5L ;\DlT ;FY[ ;D"l5T V[S AC]ZFQ8=LI ;\:YF K[P

  42. Open System Interconnection Model • ISOS[ H[ G[8JS"DF\ DFlCTLGL VF5,[G[ ,UTF AWF 5F;FG[ VFJZL ,[ K[ T[G[OSIGF 8}\SF GFD[ VM/BFI K[P • OSIG[ ;FT :TZ(Layer) ZH] SZJFDF\ VFJ[ K[P VF ;FT[I :TZ G[8JS" 5ZGF A[ Sd%I}8Z JrR[GL VFBL 5|lS|IF GSSL SZ[ K[P

  43. Open System Interconnection Model

  44. Open System Interconnection Model

  45. Internet Addressing • H]NF\ H]NF\ VG[S Sd%I}8ZMG[ G[8JS"DF\ HM0JFDF\ VFjIF 5KL G[8JS" 5Z NZ[S Sd%I}8ZG[ V[S VM/B CMJL VUtIGL K[P • G[8JS" 5ZGF NZ[S Sd%I}8ZG[ VM/BJF DF8[ VF56G[ .g8ZG[8 V[0=[l;\U jIJ:YFGL H~Z 50[ K[P

  46. Dotted – Decimal Notation • IPv4 H[ Internet Protocol Version 4 G]\ 8}S]\ GFD K[P • IPv4 .g8ZG[8GF ;ZGFDF JF\RJFDF\ ;Z/ AGFJ[ K[P • pNFP 192.168.1.20 V[ IP ;ZGFD]\ K[P

  47. Dotted – Decimal Notation

  48. ;LWF IP ;ZGFDF JF5ZJFGF OFINF • HIFZ[ SM. p5IMUSTF" .g8ZG[8 5Z DFlCTL XMWTM CMI tIFZ[ T[6[ H[ ;F.8GL D],FSFT ,[JL CMI T[ ;F.8G]\ 0MD[.G GFD 8F.5 SZ[ K[P • pNFP www.yahoo.com • HM ;LW[;LW]\ IP ;ZGFD]\ 8F.5 SZLV[ V[8,[ S[ 64.233.187.99 8F.5 SZLV[ TM T[JF lS:;FDF\ 0[8FA[hDF\ XMWJFGL H~Z 50TL GYL VG[ H[ Sd%I}8ZGM IP 64.233.187.99 CX[ T[GL DFlCTL VF5[ K[P

  49. IPv4 vs IPv6 IP GL H]GL VFJ'l¿ K[P H[ CF,GF ;DIDF\ p5IMUDF\ ,[JFDF\ VFJ[ K[P IP GL GJL VFJ'l¿ K[P H[ IP Next Generation TZLS[ VM/BFI K[P

  50. IPv4 vs IPv6 IP GL H]GL VFJ'l¿ K[P H[ CF,GF ;DIDF\ p5IMUDF\ ,[JFDF\ VFJ[ K[P 32 Bit GM p5IMU SZ[ K[P IP GL GJL VFJ'l¿ K[P H[ IP Next Generation TZLS[ VM/BFI K[P 128 Bit GM p5IMU SZ[ K[P

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