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Por: Carlos Chambel Miguel Leocádio

BEYOND THE DOUBLE DIVIDEND: PUBLIC AND PRIVATE ROLES IN THE SUPPLY OF AND DEMAND FOR ENVIRONMENTALLY ENHANCING TECHNOLOGIES. Por: Carlos Chambel Miguel Leocádio. Economic growth vs. environmental protection. Double Dividend hypothesis:

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Por: Carlos Chambel Miguel Leocádio

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  1. BEYOND THE DOUBLE DIVIDEND: PUBLIC AND PRIVATE ROLES IN THE SUPPLY OF AND DEMAND FOR ENVIRONMENTALLY ENHANCING TECHNOLOGIES Por: Carlos Chambel Miguel Leocádio

  2. Economic growth vs. environmental protection Double Dividendhypothesis: “...the ability to simultaneously profit and improve environmental performance...” “Competitiveness and environmental protection can be compatible”

  3. Assessing the Double Dividend hypothesis Environmental regulation Environmental regulation Technical innovation Product innovation Process innovation Resource productivity Reduce environmental impact Increase profit

  4. Environmental regulation and the evidence for . . . • Anti-thesis: • increased capital and labour costs • productive investiments • old – firms competitiveness • perverse incentives • flight to “pullution havens” • Thesis: • information generation creating opportunities • reduce future uncertainty about environmental requirements • creation of a competitive environment

  5. DOUBLE DIVIDEND vs. GOVERNMENTS Innovation and Competitiveness Environmental Regulation G O V E R N M E N T S Policy Instruments (R&D, information, voluntary agreements and technology assistance)

  6. DOUBLE DIVIDEND vs. GOVERNMENTS Innovation and Competitiveness Environmental issues as Internal strategic issues F I R M S Process and product improvements (reducing imputs and waste, product take-back and moving from product to services) Radical changes in processes and products

  7. Moving from product to service Power and power supply ENRON Contratação de todos os serviços de energia (preço fixo p/ ex)  energy savings INTERFACE CARPET To lease X to sell  apostar em materiais 100% recicláveis Carpetes e revestimentos

  8. supply push demand pull US wind turbine policy – 1980 Federal & state policies created demand (credit taxes) California 0  1600 MW $25  $05 KW/h demand pull policies were too short-lived  US wind turbines did not survive

  9. supply push demand pull demand pull supply push US Star Office Products:Objectivos expandir o mercado de produtos energeticamente eficientes aumentar a eficiência energética dos produtos Policies standard for performance level, support to firms on production, encourage to procurement offices to buy Energy Star products Federal Order government offices buy Energy Star products US gas turbine policy – 1990 Mandato legislativo c/requisitos: desenvolver turbina ultraeficiente, “limpa”,   60%, NOx  10 ppm, custo 10% \  Programa de I&D (shared risk  cost sharing) 10%  40-70%

  10. Conclusões: • EMPRESAS • Inovação • Investimento em I&D • Oportunidades de • Mercado (inovação) • ESTADO • Supply-push • Políticas de ambiente • e inovação • Investimento em I&D • Regulação • Contribuição de • Know-how Sinergia • ESTADO • Demand-pull • Particularmente nas • fases iniciais

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