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WTO regulatory system

WTO regulatory system. 1. History & Purpose. Conclusion of GATT-negotiations  Agreement to promote and manage global economic development 1948 – 1994 Eight negotiation rounds to further develop the international trade regime

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WTO regulatory system

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  1. WTOregulatory system

  2. 1. History & Purpose • Conclusion of GATT-negotiations •  Agreement to promote and manage global economic development • 1948 – 1994 • Eight negotiation rounds to further develop the international trade regime • Uruguay Round ended with the upgrading of GATT to the WTO

  3. 01.01.1995 By the Marrakech Agreement the WTO – World Trade Organization – came into force and replaced the GATT Secretariat. • Functions: • control the implementation of its agreements • provide a negotiation platform • offer a dispute settlement mechanism

  4. Aim: • increase international trade by promoting lower trade barriers and decreasing other handicaps to trade • Two main principles: • principle of national treatment • most-favoured nation principle

  5. 2. Organization Structure Today the WTO has 150 members. Every member state has is represented in every body and has one vote. All decisions are made by consensus, but in practice, nearly all of them are nego-tiated in informal groups, so-called Green Room Meetings, to which most members are not invited.

  6. 3. Main Agreements GATT: General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade GATS: General Agreement on Trade in Services TRIPS: Agreement on Trade-Related aspects on Intellectual Property rightS Others

  7. GATT • nearly no changes since 1947 • trade and economic partnerships shall • improve the living standard of everybody • and increase the economic production • allows for „... the optimal use of the • world‘s resources in accordance with • [...] sustainable development • criticism: the liberalized world market • cannot achieve the described goals but • the measures reach the opposite

  8. GATS • Liberalization of public services • (selective) • for liberalized services count the rules of • free access to the market • binding framework for intrastate regula- • tions of the service-market • criticism: bad experiences with former • liberalizations are unconsidered during • further negotiations (e.g. private water • distribution is critical for human health)

  9. TRIPS • sets minimum standards for national law • concerning IPR • patents on intellectual property (e.g. the • indigenous knowledge about biodiversity) • increasing criticism by developing coun- • tries, scientists and NGOs • no benefit-sharing • barrier for innovations • patents on GMOs destroy biodiversity

  10. Others • The Agreement on Technical Barriers to • Trade (TBT) •  control of technical standards (e.g. energy effi- • ciency) that could be barriers to trade • The Agreement on the Application of Sani- • tary and Phytosanitary Measures (SPS) •  sets standard to protect humans, animals and • plants against diseases and toxic contamination

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