Air

1. 2G Network (IS-95/GSM based) (already deployed) BTS BTS BSC BTS PSTN BTS BSC BTS MSC Air BTS BSC BTS IWF BTS Internet BSC BTS BTS • PPP session termination (learn wireless-specific info. while • establishing PPP session. Security and policy are linked. • QoS management • wireless-TCP • Personalization of Content Services depending on the device • PUSH and PULL services for Wireless advertisements • Wireless-Specific Policy Gateway • Wireless-VPNs BTS BSC BTS

2. 2.5G GPRS Network (being deployed) • RLP frame processing • Radio-specific Services • SDU-Radio Frame processing by • detecting the delay between 3 radio frames • Outer loop Power management • Location based Push and Pull services • by identifying the location in the payload • Packet level traffic conditioning • Soft handoff and mobility Control • MAC frame processing PSTN BTS BTS BSC BTS MSC BTS BSC BTS 2G SGSN Air BTS BSC BTS GGSN BTS Internet • Radio-Specific Qos • Bandwidth Management for • four classes of services • on per-session/call basis • Wireless Application Gateway • Sector level traffic management • Sector level security management • Wireless-specific firewalls/Policies • PDP context spoofing and integrating • with policies • Packet level policies • GTP tunnel encapsulation • LLC termination • 2M PPP terminations • Session-based QoS BSC BTS BTS • Security Management • GTP Tunnel encapsulation BTS BSC BTS

3. RLP frame processing • Radio-specific Services • SDU-Radio Frame processing by • detecting the delay between 3 radio frames • Outer loop Power management • Location based Push and Pull services • by identifying the location in the payload • Packet level traffic conditioning • Soft handoff and mobility Control • MAC frame processing 3G UMTS Network (to be deployed) NodeB NodeB RNC NodeB PSTN NodeB RNC NodeB 3G SGSN Air NodeB RNC NodeB GGSN NodeB Internet • sRadio-Specific Qos • Bandwidth Management for • four classes of services • on per-session/call basis • Wireless Application Gateway • Sector level traffic management • Sector level security management • Wireless-specific firewalls/Policies • PDP context spoofing and integrating • with policies • Packet level policies • GTP tunnel encapsulation • LLC termination • 2M PPP terminations • Session-based QoS RNC NodeB NodeB NodeB RNC NodeB

4. Internet 3G CDMA based Network (being deployed) • RLP frame processing • Radio-specific Services • SDU-Radio Frame processing by • detecting the delay between 3 radio frames • Outer loop Power management • Location based Push and Pull services • by identifying the location in the payload • Packet level traffic conditioning • Soft handoff and mobility Control • MAC frame processing BTS BTS BSC BTS MSC PSTN BTS BSC • sRadio-Specific Qos • Bandwidth Management for • four classes of services • on per-session/call basis • Wireless Application Gateway • Sector level traffic management • Sector level security management • Wireless-specific firewalls/Policies • PDP context spoofing and integrating • with policies • Packet level policies • GTP tunnel encapsulation • LLC termination • 2M PPP terminations • Session-based QoS • Sticky connections BTS Air BTS BSC BTS PCF/PDSN BTS BSC BTS BTS BTS BSC BTS BTS

5. Internet 3G All-IP Network • RLP frame processing • Radio-specific Services • SDU-Radio Frame processing by • detecting the delay between 3 radio frames • Outer loop Power management • Location based Push and Pull services • by identifying the location in the payload • Packet level traffic conditioning • Soft handoff and mobility Control • MAC frame processing BTS BTS BSC SIP Network (VOIP) BTS Mobility Manager Softswitch/ Media Gateway Controller BTS BSC BTS Air BTS BSC BTS PCF/PDSN SGSN/GGSN BTS BSC • sRadio-Specific Qos • Bandwidth Management for • four classes of services • on per-session/call basis • Wireless Application Gateway • Sector level traffic management • Sector level security management • Wireless-specific firewalls/Policies • PDP context spoofing and integrating • with policies • Packet level policies • GTP tunnel encapsulation • LLC termination • 2M PPP terminations • Session-based QoS • Sticky Connections BTS BTS BTS BSC BTS BTS

6. Ranking ApplicationBearer 1 Voice over IP (VoIP) 3G 2 Moving Images 3G 3 Remote LAN Access GPRS/3G 4 File Transfer 3G 5 Downloading Software 3G 6 Web Browsing GPRS/3G 7 Audio GPRS/HSCSD/3G 8            8           Document Sharing GPRS/3G 9 Home Automation GPRS/3G 10 Electronic Agent GPRS/3G 11 Dynamic Authoring GPRS/3G 12 Virtual Home Environment 3G Ranking of services

7. Application Bandwidth Loss probability VideoPhone 64K-2Mbps 10E-8 Videophone (variable bit) 2 Mbps 10E-8 Videoconference (variable Bit rate) 5 Mbps 4X10E-9 NTSC Video (variable Bit rate) 1.5 Mbps 10E-10 MPEG1 (variable bit) 1.5 Mbps 10E-8 MPEG2 (variable bit) 10Mpbs 2X10E-9 Packet loss objectives (Source: Artech publication, “ATM performance”)

8. Application Bandwidth Loss probability VideoPhone 64K-2Mbps 10E-8 Videophone (variable bit) 2 Mbps 10E-8 Videoconference (variable Bit rate) 5 Mbps 4X10E-9 NTSC Video (variable Bit rate) 1.5 Mbps 10E-10 MPEG1 (variable bit) 1.5 Mbps 10E-8 MPEG2 (variable bit) 10Mpbs 2X10E-9 Delay and Delay Variation objectives for Two-Way Audio and Video Services (Source: Artech publication, “ATM performance”)

9. Current SDU’s introduce delay and delay variation while selecting the frames. This is due to SDU to wait for all the frames to be arrived for selection from different legs (for example, in Nortel system I heard that SDU waits atleast 10ms and Motorola SDU it takes 15ms). Moreover, one general purpose SDU used for all the services. Qos of different services that are using the SDU is not considered. One kind of SDU can not fit all the requirements. Hence existing SDU in 2G/3G RAN will have limitation in supporting these new services. Problem