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Soil Formation and Mass Movements

Soil Formation and Mass Movements. Bellwork : Pg. 143-145 How does water cause mass movements? How do earthquakes cause mass movements?. Soil Formation:. Climate determines soil formation. Soil Formations. Tropical Climate Dry Climate Temperate Climate. Tropical.

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Soil Formation and Mass Movements

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  1. Soil Formation and Mass Movements

  2. Bellwork: Pg. 143-145 How does water cause mass movements? How do earthquakes cause mass movements?

  3. Soil Formation: Climate determines soil formation

  4. Soil Formations • Tropical Climate • Dry Climate • Temperate Climate

  5. Tropical • Tropical (wet and warm) Climates makeLateritesoils that are thick and infertile

  6. 1. Tropical Rain washes away the A Horizon, but rotting vegetation covers the B Horizon

  7. Laterite

  8. 2. Desert • Desert (Dry) climates make soils from mechanical weathering • Soil is thin and mostly of parent rock (regolith)

  9. 3. Temperate • Temperate (cool to warm) climates make 2 soils that depend on rainfall. • Rain fall is not excessive

  10. 3. Temperate • Pedalfer Soils– more than 65 cm of rain per year ex: clay, quartz, iron b. Pedocal Soils–less than 65 cm of rain per year ex: calcium carbonate

  11. Pedalfer

  12. Pedocal

  13. Mass Movements

  14. Mass Movements Definition • The transportationof rock and soil down slope due to gravity • Talus: a pile of rock fragments that accumulates at the base of the slope

  15. Together, weathering and mass movements produce most landforms • Streamsand valleys are the most common landforms on earth

  16. Why? • Most mass movements end up in a stream or valley

  17. Triggers of Mass Movements • Water – heavy rain and snow saturate the ground

  18. Triggers of Mass Movements 2. OversteepenedSlopes– angles 25 to 40 degrees will hold loose particles. If a slope is steeperthan 40degrees, slips become more likely.

  19. Triggers of Mass Movements 3. Removal of Vegetation – plant roots attempt to stabilize 4. Earthquakes

  20. Classification of Mass Movements • Mass movements are based on 3 things: • Typeof material that moves • How it moves • Speed of movement

  21. Types of Mass Movements…

  22. 1. Rockfall: rocks or fragments fall freely through the air =fast movement • Common on steep slopes & can trigger other mass movements

  23. 2. Slide: material moves suddenly along flat, inclined surface

  24. Rockslide: slides including segments of bedrock

  25. Slumgullion landslide Hinsdale County, Colorado 700 years old and still moving

  26. 3. Slump: downward movement of material along a curved surface • Leaves a crescent-shaped cliff

  27. A slump is a type of slope failure which involves the rotational movement of soil or rock

  28. 4. Flows: materials containing large amounts of water

  29. Earthflow – moves slowly Mudflow – moves quickly

  30. 5. Creep: slowest type of mass movement. (freezing & thawing)

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