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Understanding Temperature and Thermodynamic Laws

Explore the concept of temperature, its relation to thermal equilibrium, and its impact on physical properties. Learn about the laws of thermodynamics, including the Zeroth Law, First Law, and Second Law, governing energy conservation and entropy change in closed systems. Discover the conversions between Celsius, Fahrenheit, and Kelvin scales and their significance in calculations.

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Understanding Temperature and Thermodynamic Laws

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  1. Temperature & the Laws of ThermodynamicsIntroduction

  2. Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics • If objects A and B are separately in thermal equilibrium with a third object C, then A and B are in thermal equilibrium with each other.

  3. Temperature • The property that determines whether an object is in thermal equilibrium with another. • Temperature is a measurement of the average kinetic energy of the molecules in an object or system. It is a means of determining the average internal energy within the system.

  4. Temperature Cont’d • Some physical properties that change with temperature: • Volume of a liquid • The dimensions of a solid • The pressure of a gas at constant volume • The volume of a gas at constant pressure • The electric resistance of a conductor • The color of an object

  5. The Celsius, Fahrenheit, and Kelvin Temperature Conversions *When encountering an equation that calls for T, convert all temperatures to K. When the equation contains , using Celsius temperatures will give you the correct answer.

  6. First Law of Thermodynamics • Energy can be changed from one form to another, but it cannot be created or destroyed. • The total amount of energy and matter in the Universe remains constant, merely changing from one form to another.

  7. Second Law of Thermodynamics • The second law of thermodynamics states that for any process occurring in a closed system, the entropy increases for an irreversible system and remains constant for a reversible system, but never decreases.

  8. Summary of Thermodynamic Laws

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