plumbig

1. Plumbing Systems Dr. Ahmed El-Sheemy Mechanical Power Engineering Department. Faculty of Engineering Ain Shams University ahmedelsheemy2@yahoo.com

2. Building Plumbing Functions • (1) providing drainage and water for sanitation and potable water needs, • (2) disposal of precipitation falling on the building (stormwater system).

3. Old disposal systems • Urban dwellers • gutters. • In rural areas • Lakes • Rivers • cesspool Disadvantage of these old system 1- health hazard 2- illegal in the present time

4. Components of Modern Sanitation Systems • 1. A distribution system of piping that supplies water to the fixtures • 2. The fixtures at which the water is consumed or used • 3. Another piping system that drains the used water away • 4. Natural gas piping

5. Utility Connections at The Building Boundary • Potable water supply (and meter) • Sanitary drain • Storm drain • Natural gas supply

6. Plumbing codes • الكود المصري لاسس التصميم و شروط التنفيذ لهندسة التركيبات الصحية للمباني. • International Plumbing Code. International Code Council. • National Standard Plumbing Code. National Association of Plumbing, Heating, and Cooling Contractors. • Southern Standard Plumbing Code. Southern Building Code Congress. • Uniform Plumbing Code. International Association of Plumbing and Mechanical Officials (IAPMO).

7. Objectives of Plumbing Codes • protect the health and safety of building occupants against the followings: • inadvertent contamination of the water supply, • contamination of the air due to the escape of sewage gas, and • chronically blocked drains due to improper size or pitch.

8. Water Supply Sources Lake (after treatment) River (after treatment) Groundwater Spring Pond (after treatment)

9. Quality of Supply Water Mineral contents PH level Organics contamination • Turbidity • Bacteria

10. Supply Water Distribution Systems (Up-feed) 3.5 to 4.5 bar

11. Supply Water Distribution Systems (Down-feed) P=9810*H/100000 P: Pressure [bar] H: Height [m]

12. Advantage Provide reserve storage in case of an electrical power shortage. An upfeed distribution system requires a standby power source. Disadvantage Greater structure support is required. Periodic cleaning is required. Rooftop Tank

13. Building Service Hot Water (BSHW)

14. Water Heater Capacity Rating

15. Storage Type Suitable for large capacity demands. Tankless Type Eliminate standby losses from hot water tanks: Tank losses. Supply pipe losses. Limited for small capacity demands. Comparison

16. Water Heater Temperature Classification • 180 oF (82 oC): • Minimum temperature needed for sanitizing rinse. • 140 oF (60 oC): • For General-purpose cleaning and food preparation. • 105 oF to 120 oF (41 oC to 49 oC): • For showers.

17. Distribution Systems • Without recirculation pump. • With Recirculation pump.

18. Piping Materials • Copper Piping: • Types: (K, L and M) • Characterized by high resistance to Corrosion. • Soft temper tube permits changes in direction without the use of fittings. • Plastic Piping: • Types: (PE, ABS, PVC, AND PVDC) • Characterized by high resistance to Corrosion. • PVDC is suitable for hot water supply up to 82oC.

19. Plumbing Fixtures • Water Closet

20. Plumbing Fixtures • Water Closet • Bidet • Urinal

21. Plumbing Fixtures • Water Closet • Bidet • Urinal • Lavatory

22. Plumbing Fixtures • Water Closet • Bidet • Urinal • Lavatory

23. Plumbing Fixtures • Water Closet • Bidet • Urinal • Lavatory • Sink • Wash fountains

24. Plumbing Fixtures • Water Closet • Bidet • Urinal • Lavatory • Sink • Wash fountains • Drinking fountains

25. Plumbing Fixtures • Water Closet • Bidet • Urinal • Lavatory • Sink • Wash fountains • Drinking fountains • Showers • Bath tube

29. Traps Traps are required in order to isolate the sewer purification gases from the interior rooms

31. SANITARY PIPING • Waste stacks • Soil stacks • Vent stacks • Branch waste lines • Branch soil lines • Branch vents • Floor drains • Clean-outs • Fresh-air inlet

32. Sanitary Piping

33. Piping • Material • Cast Iron • DWV Copper • Plastic • Travels under Gravity • Downward 45o Elbow • Pitched Towards Stack • 1/8 in/ft • ¼ in/ft • ½ in/ft • 45o

34. Vent • They relieve any potential vacuum that might suck all the water out of a trap. • They lead sewer gas pressure safely out of the building. • The presence of fresh air circulating through the drain and sewer lines reduces corrosion and the growth of slime. • Venting aids the flow of large volumes of liquid through the drainpipes by relieving air pressure that could build up ahead of the water as it moves.

35. Vent • maximum length of drain pipe between the trap and an air vent is limited to 48 times the pipe diameter. • the end of a vent stack must extend at least 1 foot (30 cm) above the roof surface, as well as 3 feet (90 cm) or more above any nearby window • It should be at least 10 feet (3 m) from any windows and S feel (I.S m) above any occupied roof deck.

36. Interior Space Planning • In subfreezing weather, Plumbing pipes should never be installed in exterior walls. • Locating plumbing fixtures back to back or one above the other where possible. • All fixtures in a given room should be placed along the same wall. • Drain stacks are grouped in plumbing chase.

37. Interior Space Planning • The pipe risers for smaller groupings or isolated fixtures can be integrated with structural columns as wet column. • Entrances and/or partitions need to be arranged so that the view from the corridor to the soil fixtures is blocked.

38. accommodations for handicapped persons. • the provision of at least one handicapped-type water closet and lavatory in each public toilet room, • wider water closet stalls for easier maneuvering, • grab bars at water closets and bathing facilities, • extra-wide entrance and stall doors for wheelchair passage, and • a minimum 5-foot-(l.5-m-) diameter clear space within the room for wheelchair turning.

39. Floor Drains • Floor drains are employed to carry away water used in washing floors. • They are necessary in areas like: • of food preparation and cooking, • mechanical rooms, and • toilet rooms. • They are also needed in storage closets and any other spaces that are sprinklered for fire protection.

40. Clean-Outs • Clean-outs must be placed no more than 50 feet (15 m) apart in branch lines and building drains up to 4 inches (10 cm) in diameter • Lines larger than 4 inches (10 cm) in diameter must have cleanouts not more than 100 feet (30 m) apart. • at every change in direction greater than 45°, and at the point where the building drain leaves the building.

41. Interceptors • catch hair, grease, or a variety of other troublesome waste materials from industrial processes. • the grease floats to the top and is trapped between baffles as the remaining fluid waste continues on through.

42. Backwater Valves • The device prevents the backflow of sewage from the upper stories into the lower sanitary branch

43. Private Sewage Disposal

44. Septic Tank • The tank capacity is sized so as to allow the waste to remain in the tank for at least 16 hours before being displaced by incoming sewage.