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Chapter 5: The Integumentary System

Chapter 5: The Integumentary System. The Integumentary System. Composed of two parts Skin Associated structures. Structure of the Skin. The skin consists of two layers Epidermis Dermis Underneath and supporting the dermis is the subcutaneous layer. Structure of the Skin. Epidermis.

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Chapter 5: The Integumentary System

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  1. Chapter 5:The Integumentary System

  2. The Integumentary System • Composed of two parts • Skin • Associated structures

  3. Structure of the Skin • The skin consists of two layers • Epidermis • Dermis • Underneath and supporting the dermis is the subcutaneous layer.

  4. Structure of the Skin Epidermis

  5. Structure of the Skin Dermis

  6. Structure of the Skin Subcutaneous Layer

  7. Figure 5-1 Cross-section of the skin. How is the epidermis supplied with oxygen and nutrients? What tissue is located beneath the skin?

  8. Accessory Structures of the Skin • Help protect the skin and give it more functions • Include: • Sebaceous oil glands • Secrete sebum • Sudoriferous glands • Hair • Nails

  9. Accessory Structures of the Skin Glands

  10. Accessory Structures of the Skin Hair and Nails

  11. Figure 5-5 Nail structure.

  12. Functions of the Integumentary System • Four major functions: • Protection against infection • Protection against dehydration (drying) • Regulation of body temperature • Collection of sensory information

  13. Functions of the Integumentary System Protection Against Infection • Intact skin forms a primary barrier against invasion. • Interlocking pattern resists penetration. • Shedding removes pathogens. • Protects against bacterial toxins • Protects against some harmful environmental chemicals

  14. Functions of the Integumentary System Protection Against Dehydration • Skin prevents water loss by evaporation. • Keratin in the epidermis • Sebum release from the sebaceous glands

  15. Functions of the Integumentary System Regulation of Body Temperature • Loss of excess heat and protection from cold are important functions of the skin. • Constriction of blood vessels • Dilation of blood vessels • Evaporation of perspiration

  16. Functions of the Integumentary System Collection of Sensory Information • Skin has many nerve endings and other special receptors. • Free nerve endings • Touch receptors (Meissner corpuscle) • Deep pressure receptors (Pacinian corpuscle)

  17. Functions of the Integumentary System Other Activities of the Skin • Absorption of substances such as medications • Excretion • Water • Electrolytes • Wastes • Manufacture of vitamin D

  18. Color of the Skin • Factors that influence skin color include: • Melanin • Skins main pigment • Hemoglobin • Carries oxygen in RBC’s • Carotene • Skin pigment derived from carrots • Bile pigments • Albinos

  19. Repair of the Integument Wound Healing • Occurs only in areas with actively dividing cells • Epithelial tissues • Connective tissues • Minimally in muscle and nervous tissue Factors That Affect Healing • Nutrition • Blood supply • Infection • Age

  20. Effects of Aging on the Integumentary System • Age-related changes in • Skin • Tissues • Pigment • Hair • Sweat glands • Circulation • Fingernails and toenails

  21. Care of the Skin • Proper nutrition • Adequate circulation • Regular cleansing • Removes dirt and dead skin • Sustains slightly acid environment to inhibit bacteria • Protection from sunlight • Exposure to UV light causes genetic mutations in skin that can lead to cancer, and causes premature aging.

  22. Word Anatomy

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