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World War I & the 1920s

Experience the vibrant era of the 1920s in America, marked by the rise of consumer culture, the Ford Model T revolution, changing gender norms with the New Woman and Flappers, the birth control movement by Margaret Sanger, Prohibition and its consequences, nativism and racism, the Harlem Renaissance, and the controversial eugenics movement.

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World War I & the 1920s

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  1. World War I & the 1920s

  2. 1920s Consumer Culture • 1919 Consumer debt of $2.6 billion rose to $7.1 billion in 1929 • Consumer Durables Revolution • Automobile Craze: Ford Model T. • Chain stores and fast food restaurants • New housecleaning technology Ford Model T Assembly

  3. Popular 1920s Consumer Durables

  4. Driving Around New York City, 1928

  5. The “New Woman” • Changes in fashion and hair • The Flapper rejected the “Angel of the Household” of the 19th century • Dating became more casual

  6. Margaret Sanger & the Birth Control Movement • Founder of the American Birth Control League • Opened the first birth control clinic in the U.S. in Brooklyn, 1916

  7. Enforcing Morality & Nativism Through Prohibition • 1840s: Start of Temperance groups • 1870s & 1880s: Anti-Saloon Leagues appear across the U.S. • 1920: 18th Amendment made it illegal to manufacture and sell alcohol (but not to buy alcohol)

  8. Billy Sunday “The reign of tears is over. The slums will soon be only a memory. We will turn our prisons into factories and our jails into storehouses and corncribs. Men will walk upright now. Women will smile and children will laugh.”

  9. Results of Prohibition • Speakeasies opened &wealthy Americans ignored the law • Rise in organized crime • Career advancement for women who supported Prohibition Prohibition raid, 1928

  10. 1920s Racism & Nativism • 1915: D.W. Griffin, The Birth of A Nation • Motto of “100% Americanism” and Family Values • New Marketing attracted members • 1923: 5 million members • 1925: Decline of KKK amid Rape Scandal of Indiana’s Grand Wizard

  11. Legal Nativism • 1921 Immigration Quota Law: “3% of each nationality group already in the U.S. allowed per year; ceiling of 357,803 immigrants per year; no more than 20% of a group’s quota allowed per month”

  12. 1924 National Origins Act • 2% per year of each group based upon 1890 Census • Targeted Asians, Eastern and Southern Europeans • President Calvin Coolidge signed Act while saying “America must be kept American” • Immigration policy lasted until 1965

  13. Mexican Immigration • 1920s = California’s Mexican American population of 90,000 grew to 360,000 • By 1930 = 2 million Mexican immigrants in U.S. • 1929 = Congress made illegal entry to U.S. a criminal offense

  14. Eugenics • The control of reproduction including forced sterilization in order to create a “superior race”

  15. Oregon & other states sterilized “feeble minded girls” • Buck v. Bell (1927): Supreme Court upheld legality of Eugenics

  16. Harlem Renaissance Artistic Movement in Harlem, New York: music, painting, writing

  17. Zora Neale Hurston Aaron Douglas

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