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Renewable Power Generation

Renewable Power Generation. Wind Energy Systems: Fastest growing segment of renewable energy business (up 75% in capacity since 1990) Possible limitations to acceptance- Visual pollution Noise TV interference Harm to raptors Good complement to solar- (low solar = high wind ??).

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Renewable Power Generation

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  1. Renewable Power Generation • Wind Energy Systems: • Fastest growing segment of renewable energy business (up 75% in capacity since 1990) • Possible limitations to acceptance- • Visual pollution • Noise • TV interference • Harm to raptors • Good complement to solar- (low solar = high wind ??)

  2. Renewable Power Generation (cont.) • Wind Energy Systems: • Market growth- • 15% in 1998; 38% in 1999 • Public Utilities Regulatory Policies Act (PURPA) requires utilities to purchase power • Energy Tax Credits available Estimated that 5 -15% of TOTAL ELECTRICAL needs of United States by 2020 provided by Wind Power !! (currently 0.1 %)

  3. Renewable Power Generation (cont.) • Wind Energy Systems: • Wind machine sizing/cost per kW- 1981: 25 kW; $ 2,600/kW 1999: 1 MW (1000 kW) $ 800/kW • California is leading state in US (1,600 MW) 5% of PG & E power currently is wind energy • Large growth in European community due to high energy prices, environmental concern, fuel security

  4. Renewable Power Generation (cont.) • Wind Energy Systems: • Typical system is comprised of- • Rotor (many different shapes) • Generator • Voltage regulator • Synchronous inverter (for large AC applications) • Batteries

  5. Renewable Power Generation (cont.) • Wind Energy Systems: • Location of site critical • Consistent winds = best overall efficiency • If wind too high- excess power dumping • High support structure to take advantage of wind currents free from “ground effect’ • Fewer blades more efficient at low wind speeds

  6. Renewable Power Generation (cont.) • Wind Energy Systems: • Rotor style vs. efficiency MAXIMUM THEORETICAL 59% • Multi-blade for water pumping applications 7% • 2-3 blade “horizontal axis” • Altamont Pass machines: 100-200 kW each • Darrieus Eggbeater “vertical axis” • Altamont Pass machines: 250 kW each

  7. Renewable Power Generation (cont.) • Wind Energy Systems: • Potential for growth is HUGE !! (i.e. Table 12-4) • Installed cost for power- $ 1,000/kW • $ 0.05 – 0.06/kWh power generating cost !!

  8. Renewable/Alternative Energy Systems • Ground Source Heat Pumps • “GeoExchange” with earth: stable temperature 55 – 70 F available as HEAT SOURCE or HEAT SINK • Heating mode: HEAT SOURCE heat from refrigeration compressor • Cooling mode: HEAT SINK standard air conditioning unit with heat rejection to buried condenser loop.

  9. Renewable/Alternative Energy Systems • Ground source heat pumps: • Capability to supply domestic hot water, radiant floor heating and forced air cooling systems. • Downside: all-electric system subject to cost of kwh from utility system. • Upside: 25 year warranty 25 – 50% overall energy savings

  10. Renewable/Alternative Energy Systems • Ground source heat pumps: • Installation requirements- vertical systems: • several hundred foot deep holes with polyethylene piping • 6 holes required for 2,000 sq ft home horizontal systems: • Long trenches at grade level with polyethylene piping • Buried under reservoir, lake or pond

  11. Renewable/Alternative Energy Systems • Ground source heat pump systems: • Installed Cost- $ 20,000 – 25,000 for 2,000 sq ft home.

  12. Renewable/Alternative Energy Systems • Solar Thermal Electric systems: • Solar energy “focused” on central point; steam produced to run turbine/generator for electrical power. • Parabolic troughs with local receiver • Parabolic dishes with local receiver • Central receivers with heliostats

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