Local Safety Audits: A Compendium of International Practice

1. Local Safety Audits:A Compendium of International Practice Sohail Husain

2. Prevention: the direct approach?

3. Home Office Strategy Map Prevention: a government approach

4. A strategic approach Mobilisation Audit Inclusion Participation Evaluation Review Strategy Action

5. Safety audit: a definition A systematic analysis to gain the understanding of local crime and victimisation-related issues needed to: • select appropriate priorities • develop an effective prevention strategy • Monitor progress • evaluate achievement

6. Similar meaning Safety audit Safety diagnosis Environmental scan Crime profile Situational analysis Strategic assessment

7. Scope of safety audits Context and environment Problems and concerns Victims and offenders Risk factors and causes Existing services and projects Strengths, assets and potential

8. Some benefits Provides a sound knowledge base which: • Reveals social, economic and other linkages • Engages stakeholders in relevant services • Builds consensus about where to focus resources • Informs goal setting and choice of response • Promotes integrated action by relevant partners • Sets a baseline against which to measure progress

9. Audit principles Respect law and human rights Model good urban governance Inclusive and participative Pro poor / marginalised Gender, minority and youth perspectives Information only to be used for audit Objective selection of priorities

10. Wider context Approach is consistent with UN standards and norms for crime prevention and good urban governance “Those planning interventions should promote a process that includes… a systematic analysis of crime problems, their causes, risk factors and consequences, in particular at the local level” “… well-planned crime prevention strategies not only prevent crime and victimisation, but also promote community safety and contribute to the sustainable development of countries.” UN Guidelines for the Prevention of Crime, 2002

11. Some challenges Government competence Building knowledge and skills Engaging stakeholders Developing an audit plan Securing resources Sharing information

12. Compendium of International Practice

13. 26 22 Months 9

14. Produced by… European Forum for Urban Safety Michel Marcus & Elizabeth Johnston Supported and Funded by… Government of Canada Department of Public Safety Mary-Anne Kirvan Principal author … Dr Sohail Husain Analytica, UK Lead partners

15. International Advisory Group Chile France Canada Belgium Australia Argentina Czech Republic Germany Hungary Italy United Kingdom Ivory Coast South Africa India Mexico European Forum for Urban Safety European Institute for Crime Prevention & Control International Centre for the Prevention of Crime United Nations Office for Drugs & Crime UN Habitat World Health Organisation

16. Local Safety Audits Enabling not prescriptive for adaptation to diverse environments Draws on knowledge and experience from many countries Offers guidance for application primarily at city level Argentina Czech Republic Ivory Coast South Africa Australia England Kenya Spain Belgium France Mali Tanzania Brazil Germany Mexico Uganda Cameroon Ghana New Zealand United States Canada Hungary Papua New Guinea Wales Chile India Rwanda Colombia Italy Serbia

17. Structure Part A The Safety Audit Process Part B Specific issues Part C Sources, techniques and tools

18. Mayor Social Care Health Police City Manager Community Youth Justice Mobilisation Audit Academics Education Inclusion Participation Evaluation Review Corrections Business Strategy Action Contents Part A The Safety Audit Process The wider context Audits: an overview Who needs to be involved Knowledge and skills Four stages of implementation Engaging communities “Poor people want to feel safe and secure just as much as they need food to eat, clean water to drink and a job to give them an income. Without security there cannot be development. Farmers cannot farm if they are afraid that their land, livestock or family will be attacked. Girls cannot be educated if they are scared of the journey to school. And businesses will not invest where there is fighting, or where the rule of law is not upheld.” UK Government White Paper on Eliminating World Poverty (2006)

19. Contents Part B Specific Issues for Audit Teams Children and youth Interpersonal violence Offenders and their reintegration Trafficking in persons Alcohol, illicit drugs and substance misuse Businesses and crime High crime neighbourhoods

20. Part B Specific issues

21. Crime reported to police (%) Residential burglary Non-residential burglary 9% 8% 7% 6% 5% Accumulated Probability 4% 3% 2% 1% 0% 1400-1459 1600-1659 1800-1859 2000-2059 2200-2259 1000-1059 1200-1259 0600-0659 0000-0059 0200-0259 0400-0459 0800-0859 Time Period Time Period Contents Part C Sources, Techniques and Tools Audit information: strategic considerations Using secondary data sources Collecting and using survey data Gathering qualitative information

22. Availability Published in English, French, Spanish German version by: Lower Saxony Crime Prevention Council Dutch version Ministry of Interior, Belgium Hard copy, CD ROM and online Downloadable at http://fesu.org Distribution via EFUS in collaboration with ICPC, NCPC (Canada), UN-Habitat, UNODC, Beccaria Free of charge to users (non commercial) Released March 2008

23. Future developments Pilot/demonstrations sites Training, technical assistance, coaching Region/state specific adaptations Practitioner forum Further translations

24. Contact Dr Sohail Husain Director, Analytica Consulting Office: +44 23 8025 3863 Mobile: +44 79 5132 8791 Email: sohail.husain@analytica-consulting.co.uk Web www.analytica-consulting.co.uk