Unit 1 – U.S. History

1. Unit 1 – U.S. History

2. First People to Arrive in America • No one knows exactly when the first people came to America. • About 15,000 years ago, nomads began trekking eastward across a land bridge from Asia to America.

4. First People to Arrive in America • No one knows exactly when the first people came to America. • About 15,000 years ago, nomads began trekking eastward across a land bridge from Asia to America. • These nomads from Asia would make their way into places across North and South America.

5. First Europeans in America • The first Europeans to arrive in America were the Vikings (from Scandinavia) – NOT Christopher Columbus. • The Vikings were led by Leif Ericson • Christopher Columbus started a voyage trying to find India in 1492.

8. First Europeans in America • The first Europeans to arrive in America were the Vikings (from Scandinavia) – NOT Christopher Columbus. • Christopher Columbus started a voyage trying to find India in 1492. • He landed in the Bahamas (not India) but called the people there “Indians.” • After Columbus’s voyages, Europeans would begin to colonize America.

11. The Columbian Exchange • When the Europeans came to the “New World,” they brought with them many crops, animals, and diseases. • They also took crops, animals, and diseases back to the “Old World” with them. • This new system of global trading was known as “The Columbian Exchange.”

13. Take a look at the next few slides. They illustrate what we mean by “The Columbian Exchange.”

22. Genocide? • “Genocide is the deliberate and systematic destruction, in whole or in part, of an ethnic, racial, religious, or national group.” • Over 90% of the Native American population in America died out as a result of the Columbian Exchange. • Small pox was the most deadly disease for the Native Americans. • Some scholars have estimated that about 100 million Native Americans died over the span of 200 years as a result of disease and fighting with the Europeans.

25. Maps

26. Colonies • New England Colonies • Massachusetts • New Hampshire • Connecticut • Rhode Island • Middle Colonies • Pennsylvania • New York • New Jersey • Delaware • Southern Colonies • Maryland • Virginia • North Carolina • South Carolina • Georgia

27. Magna Carta and English Bill of Rights • Magna Carta required King John of England to proclaim certain rights (pertaining to freemen), respect certain legal procedures, and accept that his will could be bound by the law. • It explicitly protected certain rights of the King's subjects, whether free or not free and implicitly supported what became the writ of habeas corpus, allowing appeal against unlawful imprisonment. • The Magna Carta and English Bill of Rights set the foundation for democratic ideas in America.

28. “The Lost Colony” • In 1587, Sir Walter Raleigh of England sent about 91 men, 17 women, and 9 children to an island in North Carolina. • The governor of Roanoke returned back to England for supplies. He returned 3 years later and the people had vanished. • There were no bodies, only empty houses with the letters “CRO” carved on a post. • What happened to the colonists is still a mystery today.

30. Jamestown Colony • Jamestown was the first SUCCESSFUL colony in the 13 colonies. The first people came to Jamestown in 1607. • Jamestown had many problems at the beginning of the colony. The colony was in a swampy area with disease-carrying mosquitoes. • Many of the men who came to Jamestown thought they were going to get rich from gold mining, so they refused to do any farming or manual labor.

32. Jamestown Problems • Captain John Smith was one of the early leaders of the colony. • Smith began trading with the Powhatan Indians, and this trade helped the colony get through its first two winters. • John Smith was injured and returned to England. Without a leader, the colony took a turn for the worst. • The Winter of 1609 and 1610 became known as the “starvingtime.” • The people of Jamestown ate “dogs, rats, snakes, toads, and horses.” • They even dug up dead bodies and ate them.

35. TobaccoSaves Jamestown • John Rolfe came to Jamestown and introduced tobacco. • The people began growing it at a rapid pace and making profits. • The colonists had enough money to import food and this saved the colony.

37. Virginia House of Burgesses • In 1619, the House of Burgesses was established in Virginia. • This was the first assembly of elected representatives in North America. • This was important because it laid the foundation for what would later become our Congress.

40. New England Colonies

41. New England Colonies • The best example of a New England colony was Massachusetts. • The Pilgrims and Puritans lived in the New England Colonies.

42. Roman Catholic Church Episcopalians Baptists Protestants Lutherans Presbyterians Church of England (Anglican Church) Separatists (Pilgrims) Puritans

43. The Pilgrims • The Pilgrims were separatistsfrom Holland, meaning they broke away from the Anglican Church. • They were punished and persecuted for breaking away from the Church. • So the Pilgrims escaped Holland on the Mayflower ship and landed at Plymouth, Massachusetts in 1620. • When they arrived, they signed a document called The Mayflower Compact. This document established a government that would be ruled by the majority.

44. The Puritans • The Puritans, like the Pilgrims, did not agree with the Anglican Church. • The Puritans wanted to “purify” the Anglican Church of everything that was left from the Catholic Church. • So, a group of Puritans led by JohnWinthropleft for America and arrived in 1630. • Winthrop said that the Puritans’ colony would be a “city upon a hill.” • Winthrop meant that the Puritans’ colony would be a godly example to the world of how a community should live.

45. The Puritans • This community would be called the Massachusetts Bay Colony. • If someone challenged the Puritan ideas, he could be banished from the colony. • The Puritans did NOT allow drinking, reading other books besides the Bible, or even dancing. • The Pilgrims and Puritans did NOT come to America to set up “religious freedom.” • They did not want people living with them who did not follow the “godly example.” • The Puritans were NOT tolerant. They did not like people from other religions or people who did not agree with them.

46. Roger Williams and Anne Hutchinson • Roger Williams and Anne Hutchinson were both banished from Massachusetts for challenging Puritan beliefs. • Anne Hutchinson was banished for saying that God could speak to people directly and not just through the Bible. • Rhode Islandwas where people who were banished from the Puritans went. There was a total separation of church and state there. • Question: What is separation of church and state?

47. Economy of New England Colonies • The economy of New England depended on the geography of the land. • In New England, people relied on subsistence farming. This means that they only grew enough food to survive. • The soil in New England is very rocky, which made it impossible to have big farms. • Instead, people in New England made money through shipbuilding and trading. • There were thick forests that allowed people to use the timber for ships and use the water for trading with other places. • This also allowed people in New England to make money through fishing.

48. The Mid-Atlantic Colonies (aka Middle Colonies)

49. The Mid-Atlantic Colonies • The best example of a Mid-Atlantic colony was Pennsylvania. • Pennsylvania was a very tolerant colony as compared to the others.

50. Pennsylvania Colony • In 1680, the King of England granted William Penn a colony which would be called Pennsylvania. • William Penn was a Quaker.Quakers believed that a person’s “inner light” from God was more important than the Bible and religious authorities. • Quakers were accepting of all Christians, regardless of whether you were Protestant or Catholic. • Penn had a peace treaty with the local Indian tribes. • Anyone who was a Christian and had 50 acres of land could vote. • Penn bought the land south of Pennsylvania and it became the colony of Delaware. • How is this different than the New England colonies?