Transforming Higher Education: IBM's Open Approach

Empowering the Next GenerationOf Business and Learning Applicationswith an “Open Approach” Patrick F. Carey Higher Education Industry Leader IBM Business Consulting Services March, 2006

Education Industry is at an Inflection Point IBM’s “Open Approach”:Helping Global Education address their Challenges: • New ways of Doing Business • New ways of Communicating and Collaborating • Reducing Costs and Refocusing Resources • Dealing with the Increasing Rate of Change

In recent years, a confluence of externalforces has created an extremely challenging environment that is impacting traditional Higher Education institutions’ ability to respond to a rapidly changing environment Today’s Market Dynamics Today’s Challenges Reduction in support paired with increase in accountability Macro-Economy Constrained ability to grow Nearing market price saturation Geo-political issues having increasing impact Consumers Slowing population growth Converging economic pressures Shifting value systems Greater information access and global awareness Increasing high quality competition Competition Increased operational complexity Increased mobility and focus on providing real-time services Difficulty in maintaining brand differentiation

Organizational Fragmentation Rigid Cost Structure and Asset Base Management Complexity University leaders are struggling to satisfy complex new business requirements and unfunded mandates across their institutions Functional and departmental silos exacerbate operating inefficiencies and prevent institutions from responding to market needs in a consistent way. Resources and capital are committed to continued operation and maintenance of many non-differentiating and low-value activities. Inflexible IT Infrastructure Cultural Resistance The technology environment is overly complex and serves to inhibit – rather than enable – the deployment of new capabilities. Traditional attitudes and management practices conflict with the need for rapid, insight-driven decision-making and execution. Stretched thin Slow to adapt Inefficient Distracted Meanwhile, institutions also face significant internalchallenges that create very high operational complexity and further impede their ability to change Source: IBM Institute for Business Value

What is IBM’s “Open Approach”? :Three-tiered, global, with Innovation at it’s core • Open Architecture • Service Oriented Architecture • Reducing/Eliminating Integration Costs • “Plug and Play” • Secure • Open Standards • Focus on CODE, not COMMITTEES • ‘Web Services’ at Core • Electronic Forms (Student Portfolios and Records) • Electronic Documents and Learning Objects • Open Source • Fostering Community base • Modular and Component driven • Enabling Consortia and Partners

Learning Objects Pedagogy Curriculum Is informed by User Interfaces drives Is relevant to drives drives designed for reflects Information Faculty includes reflects Learning Management Systems models models helps define Research Context of Subject Matter reflects reflects informs reflects Student Systems informs Assessment A high level view of the systems, interfaces and interdependencies that must be addressed in an enterprise, collaborative learning environment Key Questions: • Proprietary or “Open”?: Where will this enterprise level Learning and Research application emerge from? Will there be multiple? • ERP Status: How will this rise to the same status and resulting funding and support as the other ERP systems on campus, which are centrally funded and supported • Economy and Ecosystem: With the fundamental shift in learning, development of learning objects and implementation of these enterprise systems, who will create the ecosystems needed to develop a sustainable, standards based learning economy?

Learning and Assessment Enrollment Management External Relations Finance and Business Administration Research Subject Areas • Curriculum • Learning resources • Instructional delivery • Evaluation • Marketing • Student services • Student information tracking • Constituent relations • Funding strategy • Laws and regulations • Affiliations • Asset management • Resource accounting • Risk management • Technology architecture • Grants • Regulations • Intellectual property Strategic Planning and Policy Curricular Design Enrollment Management Planning Public Relations Research Human Relations Outreach Finance Policy Development and Review Technology Transfer Corporate Relations Facilities Public Relations Capital Development Resource Development Marketing and Brand Strategy Research Protocol and Regulations Development Information Technology Assessment Government Relations Auxiliary Enterprises Institutional Research Intellectual Property Intellectual Property Association/Consortial Memberships Disaster and Security Delivery Solutions/Channels Relationship Programs HR Operations Proposal Tracking Tactical Oversight/ Monitoring Enrollment Management Processes and Services Finance Grants Management Content Resources/Development Relationship Tracking Facility Utilization and Maintenance Institutional Research Capital Development Learning Support Services Scheduling Resource Acquisition Regulatory Tracking Information Technology Advising and Orientation Auxiliary Enterprises Legal and Regulatory Intellectual Property Tracking Staffing and Scheduling Disaster and Security Execution HR Operations Content Creation/Repository Proposal Development Program Delivery Admissions and Recruiting Fin. Operations/Controls Grant Administration Instructional Delivery, Examination & Certification Constituent Tracking Facility Utilization and Maintenance Registration and Financial Aid Regulatory Compliance Capital Dev. Admin. Bursar Relationship Management and Communications Assessment Program IT Operations IP Creation Auxiliary Operations Learning Support Services Delivery Library Membership Activities and Participation Research and Dissemination Disaster Recovery Representative Higher Education Component Business Model

Trends in Business and Learning Applications: Looking Down the Road • Challenges for Education Industry Applications • The Education Application Lifecycle • Standards-based and Modular • Global in nature- Connected Community • “Community” Open Source • Developed at the “Speed of Innovation” • Peer reviewed and supported • Cultural fit to Education Industry • Software as a “Service” • Change in Economics • Change in Operating Model • OFF campus

Education Industry’s Application Dilemma • Education is in dire need of a sustainable, affordable software model • Buy vs. Build model has failed • Education Industry been unable to build their own for quite some time • Most locally built applications are being replaced • Vendors don’t meet all the Education requirements and therefore create need to modify code or build workaround code • Modifications Expensive • Modifications slow down progress • The software industry is not focused on education’s goals and needs, but on making profits • Many feel the education market is too small to sustain a healthy vendor environment • Uncertainties in the commercial vendor space • Continued vendor consolidations • Depressed investment climate • Migration away from products toward services

The Value Zone Education’s Painful Application Life Cycle New Money, Enthusiasm, Inflated Expectations “Let’s Fix This” B D Aging, Unsupported, Highly Modified C E A “Flop”

Source: Saugatuck Technology and Business Week Research Services Defining “Community” Open Source • All about Collaborative Innovation • Community-driven approach to problem solving • People working across geographical and organizational boundaries to confront today's most pressing challenges (Note: How IBM develops SW) • Enabled by open standards and new intellectual property practices, it unites widely distributed perspectives and experience to: • Rapidly solve issues • Accelerate technological advancements • Stimulate rapid change • Increase speed of development

Open Applications have de-facto market power • Enabler of Industry Services Oriented Architecture • IBM will enable them as we would any ISV • Our business model is unchanged • Can leverage Open Infrastructure Technology to support applications • Education Industry will be a showcase for all other Industries Community Open Source has reached an inflection point : Open Applications Open Source and Open Standards are the next wave of disruptive technologies in Education Linux OSNEXT Web Open Applications drive Standards TCP/IP Unix Education has a history of creating, incubating, and commercializing open, disruptive technologies – which is why this nascent movement is a key indicator

Workloads using Open Source Middleware show that it is a viable alternative to Commercial Software Source: 2005 Forrester Research “Trends: Open Source Usage is up, But Concerns Linger

Collaborative Open Source: How the Community Works Government Agencies “Producer” University’s Intellectual & Admin. Resources Collaborative Open-Source Software “Ecosystem” Software and Systems Vendors Open Source “Support” Providers (Red Hat, Suse, rSmart) Foundations and Non-Profit Orgs “Consumer” University Users/Testers

Identity Management Personal Info. Manager Object Libraries Education Application Areas Portals Digital Repositories Learning Management Systems Student Portfolios Scholarly Publishing Content Managers Library Catalogue Collaborative Open Source Focus Development Areas:

EXAMPLE: IBM’s Open Learning Framework (Blue Moon) User Interface Mozilla, Opera, IE Workplace Managed Client Pervasive Device Browsers Tools / Frameworks Eclipse Hibernate Struts RAD JSF Spring CVS / Ant James Applications Sakai/Moodle OSPI Melete Content Producer LAMS SCORM Tracking Kuali Workplace Messaging Library Student Services Server Software uPortal WebSphere Portal DB/2 Cloudscape Websphere WebSphere CE WebDAV Middleware DataPower Websphere ESB RCI CDN Jackrabbit Content Manager Fedora / D-Space Platforms Linux X,P series (Z future) Windows

IBM’s Blue Moon Open Learning Framework Open Learning Client • Content Producer is currently a Windows application Web Browser Workplace Managed Client Open Document Converter Content Producer User Access Tivoli Directory Server Tivoli Directory Integrator Applications • Need to harvest Biztech work on SCORM or leverage UCDavis, trivial effort OSPI 2.1 SCORM Import / Tracking LAMS Melete Sakai 2.1 Workplace Web Conferencing (TBD) Application & Backend Integration Beginning of the Content Grid WebSphere ESB SIS Integration Interfaces Commercial Middleware • Need to investigate the middleware for managed client administration WebSphere Application Server Managed Client Administration Content Services • Leverage Marist work for the Content Grid. Sakai resources only for release 1 RCI / Greystone Content Grid IBM Content Manager Data & Reporting DB/2 Reporting Tool (TBD) Infrastructure Services Security Provisioning Metering Disaster Recovery Data Archiving Data Storage

Software as Service: A Major Shift in Value, Cost and Service Levels based on Open Architectures…. Why not Open Source? Web Native Applications Hosted Web Services Applications Traditional Service Providers CurrentEvolving Future • SW components that can be used alone or in combination with other components or applications; delivered using Internet • Interfaces conform to web services architecture to simplify integration • Market is in the early stages of development • Built specifically for one-to-many delivery • SW is built for network delivery and is not deployed on customer premises • Pricing is combined in one annuity stream • Configuration, but little to no customization • Packaged applications delivered as a hosted service • Application is almost always sold in the traditional sense -- a one-time license and recurring maintenance fee Example: SAP Example: Salesforce.com Example: Microsoft MapPoint Traditional Hosting Software as a Service Packaged SW delivered as a One-to-One hosted service • One-time SW license, recurring maintenance fees • Allows for customization SW built for network delivered as a One-to-Many hosted service • Annuity pricing combines license, maintenance, service • Configuration; little/no customization • Usage based Source: IDC; Software & Information Industry Association; Aberdeen Group

White Papers? Google me… • Open Approach to Creating the Next Generation of ApplicationsFile Format: PDF/Adobe Acrobat - View as HTMLOpen Approach to Creating the Next Generation of Applications. Transforming andmodernizing the administration of your institution and taking cost out of ...www.ibm.com/industries/education/ doc/content/bin/IBMsOpenApproachWhitePaperv2.pdf - Supplemental Result • Solving the Integration Issue - Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA)File Format: PDF/Adobe Acrobat - View as HTMLPatrick F. Carey and Bernard W. Gleason – May 2005. All future applications ...Patrick F. Carey. IBM Business. Consulting Services. Higher Education ...le.suny.edu/sln/rpc/rsp/ibmpapers/soa.pdf • Vision 2010 – Future of Business Software ApplicationsFile Format: PDF/Adobe Acrobat - View as HTMLPatrick F. Carey and Bernard W. Gleason – August 2005. Where observation is ...Patrick F. Carey. IBM Business. Consulting Services. Higher Education ...www-03.ibm.com/.../doc/content/bin/IBM_BCS_ White_Paper_Vision_2010_Business_Applications.pdf?g_type=pspot • Student Services System – Next GenerationFile Format: PDF/Adobe Acrobat - View as HTMLPatrick F. Carey and Bernard W. Gleason – December 2005. Student Services is ...Patrick F. Carey. IBM Business. Consulting Services. Higher Education ...www-03.ibm.com/industries/education/doc/ content/bin/IBM_BCS_White_Paper_Student_Services_System_FINAL.pdf - Similar pages • Moodlebug: October 2005We get answers from Richard Bricefield, cheif executive who uses Moodle; Patrick F.Carey, IBM’s uber-exec involved with Sakai; David Grebow, also from IBM; ...fraser.typepad.com/moodle/2005/10/ - 18k - Cached - Similar pages

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Additional Reference Slides

Open Source Projects in K - 12

Open Source Projects in Higher Education

Examples of Open Source projects in education: • Sakai: A collaborative learning environment, led by a consortium including MIT, Indiana, Stanford, Michigan and others. • Kuali: Financial and administrative application, led by Indiana, Cornell, University of Hawaii. • uPortal: Campus portal environment now supported by a variety of vendors. • Open Source Portal Initiative: ePortfolio application for students and faculty. • School Forge Coalition: Project to unify a variety of open source projects in education. • Open Source Academy: Project to promote open source in UK schools and colleges. • K12 Linux Project: Consortium to promote Linux in schools. • Open Knowledge Initiative: Reference architectures and interfaces between components for Education systems, led by MIT

Key standards groups in education: • IMS Global Learning Consortium: Develops and promotes the adoption of open technical specifications for interoperable learning technology. • Advanced Learning Infrastructure Consortium (ALIC): Japan learning initiative. • IEEE/Learning Technology Standards Committee: Develop accredited technical standards, recommended practices and guides for learning technology. • MERLOT: Consortium of higher ed institutions focused on learning content distribution. • Coalition for Networked Information (CNI): Supports networked information technology for the advancement of scholarly communication and the enrichment of intellectual productivity. • Schools Interoperability Framework (SIF). The Schools Interoperability Framework (SIF) is an industry initiative to develop an open specification for ensuring that K-12 instructional and administrative software applications work together more effectively. • Advanced Distributed Learning (ADL): A collaborative effort to harness the power of information technologies to modernize structured learning. Includes Tools Interoperability and CORDRA. • Open Knowledge Initiative (OKI ): Specifications that describe how the components of an educational software environment communicate with each other and with other enterprise systems. • Postsecondary electronic standards council (PESC): Association of colleges and universities; professional and commercial organizations; data, software and service providers; and state and federal government agencies. PESC’s mission is to lead the establishment and adoption of data exchange standards in education.

Transforming Higher Education: IBM's Open Approach