Mobile and Wireless Communication Technologies & Techniques

Mobile and Wireless Communication Technologies & Techniques Overview of Mobile Wireless Communication National Wireless Communications Technology Roadmap Trends in Communications and Media Technology, Applications and Use Evolution of Mobile Wireless Communication Networks: 1G to 4G eMobility Strategic Research Agenda Student Presentations and Research Papers Presentations and Research Topics http://web.uettaxila.edu.pk/CMS/SP2013/teMCTTms/

Research Topics (Handouts for Presentations) • National Wireless Communications Technology Roadmap • Trends in Communications and Media Technology, Applications and Use • Evolution of Mobile Wireless Communication Networks: 1G to 4G • eMobility Strategic Research Agenda 2008 • Multiple Access Techniques for Wireless Communication • The Mobile Communication Society • A Study: Wireless Communication Domain

National Wireless Communications Technology Roadmap • The wireless communication sector represents one of the most important arenas of research and expansion in Malaysia. The last two decades has been considered to be the era of wireless communications being led by two major trends: the outburst of wireless multiple access communications, offering mobility to the telephone users and the mobile multimedia. The increasing number of mobile teleco subscribers cause great concern to the research community and they are in the process of finding solutions to accommodate these customers.

National Wireless Communications Technology Roadmap • The National Wireless Communications Technology Roadmap serves as the basis to drive the national centers of excellence (CoEs) in the area of concern. • The CoEs will be established based on the expertise available at R&D organization. • Moreover, the roadmap will serve as a guide to the Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation (MOSTI) for approving research proposals seeking scientific and technical grants.

National Wireless Communications Technology Roadmap • The roadmap could serve as the basis to drive a concerted effort in R&D activities in wireless communications nationwide • As mentioned earlier, to be at the cutting edge of wireless technologies and hence, to excel in those areas, it is quintessential to identify the latest technology trends and challenges. • Hence, it is necessary to keep this roadmap very much alive by updating it on a regular basis.

National Wireless Communications Technology Roadmap • This roadmap will provide insights to the local academics and the researchers to work on technologies of the future. • The collective belief is that this roadmap will serve as a useful tool for carrying out R&D in wireless communications technologies, based on trends and challenges, to enable Malaysia to be at par with other developing countries.

Trends in Communications and Media Technology, Applications and Use • Trendsin Communications and Media Technology, Applications and Use provides an overview of infrastructure, applications, social and economic trends & developments, and anticipated developments over the next five to ten years. • The report focuses on developments since the release of Top Six Trends in Communications and Media Technologies, Applications and Services – Possible Implications, in May 2008. Some continuity is provided through references to incremental advances in trends and developments identified previously.

Trends in Communications and Media Technology, Applications and Use • This report includes recent developments and expectations in technologies, applications and use that were introduced in the May 2008 report, such as spectrum sharing, deep packet inspection, the semantic web and social web. • While the primary focus of this report is on technology, a section on the social and economic implications of technology developments has been added. This new section recognises that the social and economic use of technology also enables innovation and change.

Trends in Communications and Media Technology, Applications and Use • This overview section also provides a high-level outline of potential regulatory issues arising from developments in technology and use. • The views set out in this report are not put forward as predictions and there is no attempt to pick technology winners or losers. The report contributes to work ACMA is undertaking to inform its understanding of the operation of regulation in the communications and media markets and as part of its statutory responsibilities to be informed and advise on technology developments and service trends.

Trends in Communications and Media Technology, Applications and Use • It offers an opportunity to identify and engage with change, and to anticipate the need for possible action by ACMA. • Research was conducted using desktop analysis over the period April to November 2008, focusing on developments of significance reported over the period. ACMA will continue to update this report regularly and welcomes your feedback. http://www.acma.gov.au/WEB/STANDARD/pc=PC_311145

Evolution of Mobile Wireless Communication Networks: 1G to 4G • The last few years have witnessed a phenomenal growth in the wireless industry, both in terms of mobile technology and its subscribers. There has been a clear shift from fixed to mobile cellular telephony, especially since the turn of the century. • By the end of 2010, there were over four times more mobile cellular subscriptions than fixed telephone lines (see Fig. 1).

Evolution of Mobile Wireless Communication Networks: 1G to 4G • Both the mobile network operators and vendors have felt the importance of efficient networks with equally efficient design. • This resulted in Network Planning and optimization related services coming in to sharp focus [1, 7]. • With all the technological advances, and the simultaneous existence of the 2G, 2.5G and 3G networks, the impact of services on network efficiency have become even more critical.

Evolution of Mobile Wireless Communication Networks: 1G to 4G • Many more designing scenarios have developed with not only 2G networks but also with the evolution of 2G to 2.5G or even to 3G networks. Along with this, inter-operability of the networks has to be considered [2]. • 1G refers to analog cellular technologies; it became available in the 1980s. 2G denotes initial digital systems, introducing services such as short messaging and lower speed data.

Evolution of Mobile Wireless Communication Networks: 1G to 4G • CDMA2000 1xRTT and GSM are the primary 2G technologies, although CDMA2000 1xRTT is sometimes called a 3G technology because it meets the 144 kbps mobile throughput requirement. EDGE, however, also meets this requirement. 2G technologies became available in the 1990s. 3G requirements were specified by the ITU as part of the International Mobile Telephone 2000 (IMT-2000) project, for which digital networks had to provide 144 kbps of throughput at mobile speeds, 384 kbps at pedestrian speeds, and 2 Mbps in indoor environments.

Evolution of Mobile Wireless Communication Networks: 1G to 4G • UMTS-HSPA and CDMA2000 EV-DO are the primary 3G technologies, although recently WiMAX was also designated as an official 3G technology. 3G technologies began to be deployed last decade.

eMobility Strategic Research Agenda 2008 • By the year 2020, mobile and wireless comm. will play a central role in all aspects of European citizens’ lives, not just telephony, and will be a major influence on European economy, wirelessly enabling every conceivable business endeavor and personal lifestyle. Following sentence articulates the essence of the future aims and vision: “The improvement of the individual's quality of life, achieved through the availability of an environment for instant provision and access to meaningful, multi-sensory information and content.”

eMobility Strategic Research Agenda 2008 • Realization of this vision demands a major shift from the current concept of “anywhere, anytime” to a new paradigm of “any network, any device, with relevant content and context in a secure and trustworthy manner”. • The future systems will be complex, consisting of a multitude of service and network types ranging across Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN), Personal Area, Local Area, Home Networks, Moving Networks to Wide Area Cellular Networks.

eMobility Strategic Research Agenda 2008 • The increasing dependency of society on such communication infrastructure requires considerations of new applications and requirements into their design as well as new research methodology to realize them. • Research methodology proposed here is based on Europe’s unique strength and approach to research and development of telecommunication systems. It is captured in a new concept called “SET Concept” that underscores the need for a 3-dimensional vision of research activities that will deliver Simplicity, Efficiency and Trust.

eMobility Strategic Research Agenda 2008 • It will strongly advocate “integrated” research and “end-to-end” solutions. The “Simplicity” is to enable simple use of services, service deployment and enhancement and simple and self-optimizing operations, maintenance and upgrades. The “Efficiency” emphasizes on efficient use of networks’ all types of resources and more importantly the energy efficiency contributing towards a greener environment, whereas the “Trust” considers the new requirements and needs of modern societal dependency on use and full availability of such systems in carrying out their daily lives with robust security and resilience in face of variety of natural and man-made disasters.

eMobility Strategic Research Agenda 2008 • Several strategically important technologies and non-technical barriers have been identified and justifications provided for their considerations into future national and European research programs. The technological related chapters are complemented with further work on “Flexible business infrastructures”, demonstrating different business models and business interfaces that are envisaged in future.

Multiple Access Techniques for Wireless Communication • In wireless communications systems, it is often desirable to allow the subscriber to send simultaneously information to the base station while receiving information from the base station. For example, in conventional telephone systems, it is possible to talk and listen simultaneously, and this effect, called duplexing, is generally required in wireless telephone systems. • Duplexing may be done using frequency or time domain techniques.

Multiple Access Techniques for Wireless Communication • Frequency division duplexing (FDD) provides two distinct bands of frequencies for every user. The forward band provides traffic from the base station to the mobile, and the reverse band provides traffic from the mobile to the base station. In FDD, any duplex channel actually consists of two simplex channels (a forward and reverse), and a device called a duplexer is used inside each subscriber unit and base station to allow simultaneous bidirectional radio transmission and reception for both the subscriber unit and the base station on the duplex channel pair.

Multiple Access Techniques for Wireless Communication • The frequency separation between each forward and reverse channel is constant throughout the system, regardless of the particular channel being used. • Time division duplexing (TDD) uses time instead of frequency to provide both a forward and reverse link. In TDD, multiple users share a single radio channel by taking turns in the time domain. Individual users are allowed to access the channel in assigned time slots, and each duplex channel has both a forward time slot and a reverse time slot to facilitate bidirectional communication.

Multiple Access Techniques for Wireless Communication • If the time separation between the forward and reverse time slot is small, then the transmission and reception of data appears simultaneous to the users at both the subscriber unit and on the base station side. • TDD allows communication on a single channel (as opposed to requiring two separate simplex or dedicated channels) and simplifies the subscriber equipment since a duplexer is not required.

The Mobile Communication Society – A cross - cultural analysis of available evidenceon the social uses o f wireless communication technology • Wireless communication technology is diffusing around the planet faster than any other communication technology to date. Because communication is at the heart of human activity in all domains, the advent of this technology, allowing multimodal communication from anywhere to anywhere where there is the appropriate infrastructure, is supposed to have profound social effects.

The Mobile Communication Society – A cross - cultural analysis of available evidenceon the social uses o f wireless communication technology • Yet, which kind of effects, under which conditions, for whom and for what is an open question. • Indeed, we know from the history of technology, including the history of the Internet, that people and organizations end up using the technology for purposes very different of those initially sought or conceived by the designers of the technology. • Furthermore, the more a technology is interactive, and the more it is likely that the users become the producers of the technology in its actual practice.

The Mobile Communication Society – A cross - cultural analysis of available evidenceon the social uses o f wireless communication technology • Therefore, rather than projecting dreams and fears on the kind of society that will result in the future from the widespread use of wireless communication, we must root ourselves in the observation of the present using the traditional, standard tools of scholarly research. People, institutions, and business have suffered enough from the unwarranted prophecies of futurologists and visionaries that project and promise whatever comes to their minds on the basis of anecdotal observation and ill understood developments.

The Mobile Communication Society – A cross - cultural analysis of available evidenceon the social uses o f wireless communication technology • Thus, our aim in this report is to ground an informed discussion of the social uses and social effects of wireless communication technology on what we know currently (2004) in different areas of the world. We would have like to consider exclusively information and analyses produced within the rigorous standards of academic research. This constitutes a good proportion of the material examined here. However, because of the novelty of the phenomenon and the slow motion of traditional academic research to uncover new fields of inquiry, the stock of contrasted knowledge on this subject is too limited to grasp empirically the emerging trends that are transforming communicative practices.

A Study: Wireless Communication Domain • Virtually every electronic device designed and manufactured today, whether be a domestic, medical, consumer, industrial or military product, is an embedded system. Complexity in design varies from low, with a single microcontroller chip, to very high with multiple units, peripherals and networks [1,2]. • In such a scenario wireless connectivity is one of the solutions that offers good amount of freedom and convenience. Short Range Wireless Systems are specialized programmable systems that are part of a larger system or a machine.

A Study: Wireless Communication Domain • This paper provides on overview of the Communication Techniques for Short Range Wireless Systems technologies that could be used with embedded systems for inter-device connectivity.

Instructions for Researchers and Presenters • Each group will give a presentation on selected topic for 60 minutes (each student for 20 minutes) • There will be a 15 minute Question and Answer session (5 minutes after each group member’s presentation) • MS Fulltime Students will be required to write a research paper on their topic of presentation on the IEEE conference proceedings paper pattern template provided for them. • All PhD Students will be required to write a research paper on their topic of presentation on the journal proceedings pattern template provided for them. • MS Part time Students will be tested on their presentations by Viva Voca and/or Quiz. (This can be waved off if these students are willing to follow the MS Fulltime Students option instead of Viva/Quiz. • Groups are assigned on first-come-first-serve basis as given in the following slides.

Student Presentations and Research Papers (Group Members List) • Group 1: • A • B • C • Group 2: • A • B • C • Group 3: • A • B • C

Student Presentations and Research Papers (Group Members List Cont.) • Group 4: • A • B • C • Group 5: • A • B • C • Group 6: • A • B • C

Q & A • ?

Mobile and Wireless Communication Technologies & Techniques