Chapter 16 – The Endocrine System

Chapter 16 – The Endocrine System Pituitary Power! Peter Pan “creas” Moan for a Hormone Endocrinology 1, 2, 3 Name that Gland $100 $100 $100 $100 $100 $200 $200 $200 $200 $200 $300 $300 $300 $300 $300 $400 $400 $400 $400 $400 $500 $500 $500 $500 $500 FINAL ROUND

Endocrinology 1, 2, 3:$100 Question Which of these characteristics is exclusive to the endocrine system, when compared with the nervous system? a. Relies on release of chemical that bind to specific receptors b. Relies primarily on negative feedback mechanisms c. Uses epinephrine and norepinephrine as chemical messengers d. Effective in coordinating cell, tissue, and organ activities on a sustained, long-term basis ANSWER BACK TO GAME

Endocrinology 1, 2, 3:$100 Answer Which of these characteristics is exclusive to the endocrine system, when compared with the nervous system? a. Relies on release of chemical that bind to specific receptors b. Relies primarily on negative feedback mechanisms c. Uses epinephrine and norepinephrine as chemical messengers d. Effective in coordinating cell, tissue, and organ activities on a sustained, long-term basis BACK TO GAME

Endocrinology 1, 2, 3:$200 Question How does the hypothalamus regulate nervous and endocrine activities? a. It secretes regulatory hormones that influence endocrine cells in the pituitary. b. It has autonomic centers that exert direct neural control over endocrine cells of the adrenal medullae. c. Hypothalamic neurons synthesize hormone and transport them along axons within the infundibulum d. All of these are correct. ANSWER BACK TO GAME

Endocrinology 1, 2, 3:$200 Answer How does the hypothalamus regulate nervous and endocrine activities? a. It secretes regulatory hormones that influence endocrine cells in the pituitary. b. It has autonomic centers that exert direct neural control over endocrine cells of the adrenal medullae. c. Hypothalamic neurons synthesize hormone and transport them along axons within the infundibulum d. All of these are correct. BACK TO GAME

Endocrinology 1, 2, 3:$300 Question Which of the following statements is true of peptide hormones? a. They are derived from cholesterol. b. They are synthesized as prohormones and convert to active hormones before or after secretion. c. They are also called biogenic amines and are synthesized from tyrosine. d. They are important paracrine factors that coordinate cellular activities. ANSWER BACK TO GAME

Endocrinology 1, 2, 3:$300 Answer Which of the following statements is true of peptide hormones? a. They are derived from cholesterol. b. They are synthesized as prohormones and convert to active hormones before or after secretion. c. They are also called biogenic amines and are synthesized from tyrosine. d. They are important paracrine factors that coordinate cellular activities. BACK TO GAME

Endocrinology 1, 2, 3:$400 Question If levels of a certain hormone are high, which of the following will happen? a. A second messenger brings more of that hormone into the cell. b. There will be a decrease in the number of cell receptors for that hormone and cells become less sensitive to it. c. A G protein will bind to that hormone. d. There will be an increase in the number of cell receptors for that hormone and cells become more sensitive to it. ANSWER BACK TO GAME

Endocrinology 1, 2, 3:$400 Answer If levels of a certain hormone are high, which of the following will happen? a. A second messenger brings more of that hormone into the cell. b. There will be a decrease in the number of cell receptors for that hormone and cells become less sensitive to it. c. A G protein will bind to that hormone. d. There will be an increase in the number of cell receptors for that hormone and cells become more sensitive to it. BACK TO GAME

Endocrinology 1, 2, 3:$500 Question How does the presence of a molecule that blocks adenylate cyclase affect the activity of a hormone that produces its cellular effects by way of the second messenger cAMP? a. It prevents synthesis of the hormone. b. It enhances the action of the hormone. c. It increases sensitivity to the hormone. d. It decreases speed of hormonal changes. ANSWER BACK TO GAME

Endocrinology 1, 2, 3:$500 Answer How does the presence of a molecule that blocks adenylate cyclase affect the activity of a hormone that produces its cellular effects by way of the second messenger cAMP? a. It prevents synthesis of the hormone. b. It enhances the action of the hormone. c. It increases sensitivity to the hormone. d. It decreases speed of hormonal changes. BACK TO GAME

Pituitary Power!:$100 Question What is critically important about the vascular arrangement of the hypophyseal portal system? a. It provides efficient means of ensuring that all hypothalamic hormones will reach target cells in the adenohypophysis before being diluted in general circulation. b. It ensures that all hormones destined for the pituitary are diluted in general circulation before entering the adenohypophysis. c. It ensures that RH from the hypothalamus synthesizes the correct amount of a specific hormone. d. None of these is correct. ANSWER BACK TO GAME

Pituitary Power!:$100 Answer What is critically important about the vascular arrangement of the hypophyseal portal system? a. It provides efficient means of ensuring that all hypothalamic hormones will reach target cells in the adenohypophysis before being diluted in general circulation. b. It ensures that all hormones destined for the pituitary are diluted in general circulation before entering the adenohypophysis. c. It ensures that RH from the hypothalamus synthesizes the correct amount of a specific hormone. d. None of these is correct. BACK TO GAME

Pituitary Power!:$200 Question What is the role of FSH in males? a. It stimulates production of sex hormones. b. It stimulates the breakdown of stored triglycerides by adipocytes. c. It stimulates sustenacular cells, which then promotes maturation of sperm. d. It stimulates smooth muscle contraction in the ductus deferens and prostate gland. ANSWER BACK TO GAME

Pituitary Power!:$200 Answer What is the role of FSH in males? a. It stimulates production of sex hormones. b. It stimulates the breakdown of stored triglycerides by adipocytes. c. It stimulates sustenacular cells, which then promotes maturation of sperm. d. It stimulates smooth muscle contraction in the ductus deferens and prostate gland. BACK TO GAME

Pituitary Power!:$300 Question If a person has been drinking alcohol, how is ADH released by the neurohypophysis affected? a. More ADH is released to increase the solute concentration of blood and urine. b. ADH secretion is inhibited by drinking alcohol. c. It does not change at all. d. ADH secretion increases causes vasoconstriction and increased blood pressure. ANSWER BACK TO GAME

Pituitary Power!:$300 Answer If a person has been drinking alcohol, how is ADH released by the neurohypophysis affected? a. More ADH is released to increase the solute concentration of blood and urine. b. ADH secretion is inhibited by drinking alcohol. c. It does not change at all. d. ADH secretion increases causes vasoconstriction and increased blood pressure. BACK TO GAME

Pituitary Power!:$400 Question A blood sample shows elevated levels of somatomedins. Which pituitary hormone will be elevated as well? a. Thyroid stimulating hormone b. Growth hormone c. Oxytocin d. Adrenocorticotropic hormone ANSWER BACK TO GAME

Pituitary Power!:$400 Answer A blood sample shows elevated levels of somatomedins. Which pituitary hormone will be elevated as well? a. Thyroid stimulating hormone b. Growth hormone c. Oxytocin d. Adrenocorticotropic hormone BACK TO GAME

Pituitary Power!:$500 Question Why do high levels of cortisol, a steroid hormone from the suprarenal cortex, cause a decrease in the pituitary secretion of ACTH? a. Because high levels of cortisol stimulated other steroid hormones. b. The hormones act in a synergistic manner. c. Because ACTH participates in a negative feedback loop with cortisol. d. CRH from the hypothalamus inhibits ACTH release. ANSWER BACK TO GAME

Pituitary Power!:$500 Answer Why do high levels of cortisol, a steroid hormone from the suprarenal cortex, cause a decrease in the pituitary secretion of ACTH? a. Because high levels of cortisol stimulated other steroid hormones. b. The hormones act in a synergistic manner. c. Because ACTH participates in a negative feedback loop with cortisol. d. CRH from the hypothalamus inhibits ACTH release. BACK TO GAME

Peter Pan “creas”:$100 Question Which pancreatic cell type is paired with the hormone it produces? a. Alpha cells / pancreatic polypeptide b. F cells / a hormone identical to growth hormone-inhibiting hormone c. Beta cells / insulin d. Delta cells / glucagon ANSWER BACK TO GAME

Peter Pan “creas”:$100 Answer Which pancreatic cell type is paired with the hormone it produces? a. Alpha cells / pancreatic polypeptide b. F cells / a hormone identical to growth hormone-inhibiting hormone c. Beta cells / insulin d. Delta cells / glucagon BACK TO GAME

Peter Pan “creas”:$200 Question Insulin lowers the level of glucose in the blood, and then glucagon causes glucose levels to rise. What is this type of hormonal interaction called? a. Synergistic b. Permissive c. Antagonistic d. Integrative ANSWER BACK TO GAME

Peter Pan “creas”:$200 Answer Insulin lowers the level of glucose in the blood, and then glucagon causes glucose levels to rise. What is this type of hormonal interaction called? a. Synergistic b. Permissive c. Antagonistic d. Integrative BACK TO GAME

Peter Pan “creas”:$300 Question Which of the following is an affect of glucagon? a. Accelerated glucose uptake and utilization b. Breakdown of triglycerides in adipose tissue c. Stimulation of amino acid absorption and protein synthesis d. Stimulation of glycogen formation ANSWER BACK TO GAME

Peter Pan “creas”:$300 Answer Which of the following is an affect of glucagon? a. Accelerated glucose uptake and utilization b. Breakdown of triglycerides in adipose tissue c. Stimulation of amino acid absorption and protein synthesis d. Stimulation of glycogen formation BACK TO GAME

Peter Pan “creas”:$400 Question Cells in the ___ are insulin independent, which means that they can ____. a. Brain, kidneys, and digestive tract / absorb glucose without insulin stimulation b. Liver / produce glucose c. Pancreas and suprarenal cortex / produces insulin d. Suprarenal cortex and suprarenal medulla / function without insulin ANSWER BACK TO GAME

Peter Pan “creas”:$400 Answer Cells in the ___ are insulin independent, which means that they can ____. a. Brain, kidneys, and digestive tract / absorb glucose without insulin stimulation b. Liver / produce glucose c. Pancreas and suprarenal cortex / produces insulin d. Suprarenal cortex and suprarenal medulla / function without insulin BACK TO GAME

Peter Pan “creas”:$500 Question Why are diabetics continuously thirsty and why do they frequently urinate? a. Less water is reclaimed by osmosis in the kidneys. b. Water loss reduces blood volume, promoting secretion of ADH. c. Glucose is lost in the urine, which increases blood volume. d. A and B are correct. ANSWER BACK TO GAME

Peter Pan “creas”:$500 Answer Why are diabetics continuously thirsty and why do they frequently urinate? a. Less water is reclaimed by osmosis in the kidneys. b. Water loss reduces blood volume, promoting secretion of ADH. c. Glucose is lost in the urine, which increases blood volume. d. A and B are correct. BACK TO GAME

Moan for a Hormone:$100 Question Increased amounts of sunlight inhibit the production of which hormone? a. Prolactin b. Melanocyte stimulation hormone c. Aldosterone d. Melatonin ANSWER BACK TO GAME

Moan for a Hormone:$100 Answer Increased amounts of sunlight inhibit the production of which hormone? a. Prolactin b. Melanocyte stimulation hormone c. Aldosterone d. Melatonin BACK TO GAME

Moan for a Hormone:$200 Question Iodine deficiency in the diet produces what symptom? a. Increased rate of metabolism b. Increased body temperature c. Exaggerated response to physiological stress d. Goiter ANSWER BACK TO GAME

Moan for a Hormone:$200 Answer Iodine deficiency in the diet produces what symptom? a. Increased rate of metabolism b. Increased body temperature c. Exaggerated response to physiological stress d. Goiter BACK TO GAME

Moan for a Hormone:$300 Question Deficiencies of which hormones impede normal skeletal development? a. GH, thyroid hormone, PTH, and reproductive hormones b. Prolactin, FSH, LH, GH c. Thyroid hormone, melatonin, PTH, calcitonin d. GH, TSH, ACTH, FSH ANSWER BACK TO GAME

Moan for a Hormone:$300 Answer Deficiencies of which hormones impede normal skeletal development? a. GH, thyroid hormone, PTH, and reproductive hormones b. Prolactin, FSH, LH, GH c. Thyroid hormone, melatonin, PTH, calcitonin d. GH, TSH, ACTH, FSH BACK TO GAME

Moan for a Hormone:$400 Question What is the effect of renin secretion by the kidneys? a. Stimulation of Ca2+ and PO4absorption along the digestive tract b. Stimulates the production of red blood cells by bone marrow c. Converts angiotensinogen to angiotensin I d. Inhibits secretion of ADH and aldosterone ANSWER BACK TO GAME

Moan for a Hormone:$400 Answer What is the effect of renin secretion by the kidneys? a. Stimulation of Ca2+ and PO4absorption along the digestive tract b. Stimulates the production of red blood cells by bone marrow c. Converts angiotensinogen to angiotensin I d. Inhibits secretion of ADH and aldosterone BACK TO GAME

Moan for a Hormone:$500 Question All of the following except ___ occur during the resistance phase of the general adaptation syndrome. a. Conservation of glucose for neural tissues b. Mobilization of remaining lipid and protein reserves c. Conservation of Na+ and loss of K+ and H+ d. Increased mental alertness and increased blood pressure ANSWER BACK TO GAME

Moan for a Hormone:$500 Answer All of the following except ___ occur during the resistance phase of the general adaptation syndrome. a. Conservation of glucose for neural tissues b. Mobilization of remaining lipid and protein reserves c. Conservation of Na+ and loss of K+ and H+ d. Increased mental alertness and increased blood pressure BACK TO GAME

Name that Gland:$100 Question Which of the following is not an effect of thyroid hormones on major organ systems? a. Increased heart rate and force of contraction b. Increased sensitivity to sympathetic stimulation c. Decreased turnover of minerals in bone d. Stimulation of red blood cell formation ANSWER BACK TO GAME

Name that Gland:$100 Answer Which of the following is not an effect of thyroid hormones on major organ systems? a. Increased heart rate and force of contraction b. Increased sensitivity to sympathetic stimulation c. Decreased turnover of minerals in bone d. Stimulation of red blood cell formation BACK TO GAME

Name that Gland:$200 Question The removal of the parathyroid glands result in a decrease in the blood concentration of which important mineral? a. Calcium ions b. Phosphate ions c. Sodium ions d. Potassium ions ANSWER BACK TO GAME

Name that Gland:$200 Answer The removal of the parathyroid glands result in a decrease in the blood concentration of which important mineral? a. Calcium ions b. Phosphate ions c. Sodium ions d. Potassium ions BACK TO GAME

Name that Gland:$300 Question Failure of the zona glomerulosa to secrete aldosterone would result in ____. a. Decreased formation and secretion of calcitrol b. Enhanced reabsorption of Ca2+ at the kidneys c. Loss of Na+, K+ retention, and decreased reabsorption of water at the kidneys d. None of these is correct. ANSWER BACK TO GAME

Name that Gland:$300 Answer Failure of the zona glomerulosa to secrete aldosterone would result in ____. a. Decreased formation and secretion of calcitrol b. Enhanced reabsorption of Ca2+ at the kidneys c. Loss of Na+, K+ retention, and decreased reabsorption of water at the kidneys d. None of these is correct. BACK TO GAME

Name that Gland:$400 Question Secretion of cortisol by the zona fasciculata ____ in the liver and has a(n) _____ effect on CRH in the hypothalamus? a. Decreases glucose synthesis / stimulatory b. Increases glucose synthesis / inhibitory c. Increases androgen production / antagonistic d. Decreases glycogen synthesis / synergistic ANSWER BACK TO GAME

Name that Gland:$400 Answer Secretion of cortisol by the zona fasciculata ____ in the liver and has a(n) _____ effect on CRH in the hypothalamus? a. Decreases glucose synthesis / stimulatory b. Increases glucose synthesis / inhibitory c. Increases androgen production / antagonistic d. Decreases glycogen synthesis / synergistic BACK TO GAME

Name that Gland:$500 Question Melatonin is well known for its role in regulating circadian rhythm. What are two other functions of melatonin? a. Promotes muscle mass and supports libido in females b. Testicular feminization and gynecomastia in males c. Inhibits reproductive functions and protects CNS neurons from free radicals d. Promotes early puberty and increased rates of oxygen consumption ANSWER BACK TO GAME

Chapter 16 – The Endocrine System