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Giancarlo Guizzardi Renata S.S. Guizzardi

Grounding Software Domain Ontologies in the Unified Foundational Ontology (UFO) : The case of the ODE Software Process Ontology. Giancarlo Guizzardi Renata S.S. Guizzardi Ontological Modeling Research Group (NEMO),Computer Science Department, UFES, Vitoria/ES, Brazil. i * Internal Workshop

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Giancarlo Guizzardi Renata S.S. Guizzardi

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  1. Grounding Software Domain Ontologies in the Unified Foundational Ontology (UFO): The case of the ODE Software Process Ontology Giancarlo Guizzardi RenataS.S. Guizzardi Ontological Modeling Research Group (NEMO),Computer Science Department, UFES, Vitoria/ES, Brazil i* Internal Workshop Barcelona, Spain July, 2010

  2. Formal Ontology (Husserl) An interdisciplinary area comprising results from Philosophical Ontology, Linguistics, Cognitive Science, Philosophical Logic to develop a number of domain-independent sub-theories (e.g., theory of parts and wholes, theory of properties and relations, classification and taxonomic structures, identity, existential dependence, etc.), which are able to characterize aspects of real-world entities irrespective of their particular nature. End Result:Foundational Ontologies

  3. Foundational and Material Ontologies • Material Ontologies: Set of categories whose existence is to be admitted in specific domain (e.g. Molecular Biology) • A Foundational Ontology thus supply a set of (meta-) categories which can be used in the development of material ontologies

  4. What is an Ontology? • Information Systems/Data Modeling view: the same idea as in Philosophy. For years, (Foundational) Ontologies have been used to evaluate and re-design conceptual modeling grammars. • Artificial Intelligence: a representation of a singular domain (e.g., molecular biology, finance, logistics,ceramic materials) expressed in knowledge representation (e.g.,RDF, OWL, F-Logic) or conceptual modeling lanuguage (e.g., UML, EER).

  5. Ontoogies in Software Engineering • ODE (mid-90’s): ontologies as representations of software engineering domains such as Software Process, Software Quality, Software Artifacts,etc... • Ontologies have been used in that context as precise domain models (in the domain engineering sense) which have been used to develop OO frameworks that are integrated in a semantic SEE.

  6. Unified Foundational Ontology (UFO) UFO-C (SOCIAL ASPECTS) (Agents, Intentional States, Goals, Actions, Norms, Social Commitments/Claims, Social Dependency Relations…) UFO-A (STRUCTURAL ASPECTS) (Objects, their types, their parts/wholes, the roles they play, their intrinsic and relational properties Property value spaces…) UFO-B (DYNAMIC ASPECTS) (Events and their parts, Relations between events, Object participation in events, Temporal properties of entities, Time…)

  7. UFO-A: Structural Aspects

  8. Quality Structures

  9. Qualia and Quality Dimensions

  10. Externally Dependent Moments

  11. Externally Dependent Moments

  12. Externally Dependent Moments

  13. Situation

  14. UFO-B: Dynamic Aspects

  15. Allen’s Relations

  16. UFO-C: Social Aspects

  17. UFO-C: Actions, Plans and Scheduled Actions

  18. Action(Occurences), Action Universals and Scheduled Actions • As a result of our analysis we can make clear that scheduled actions are neither action occurences nor action universals. In fact, they are not actions at all! • Scheduled actions are commitments to instantiate specific action universals at specific time intervals, i.e., closed appointments!

  19. Analyzing and Re-Designing a Software Process Ontology

  20. The ODE Software Process Ontology • The basis for the development of a process infrastructure for ODE, a Process-Centered Software Engineering Environment. • It has been shown to be expressive enough to be used as a common ground for mapping the software process fragments of standards such as ISO/IEC 12207-ISO 9001:2000-ISO/IEC 15504, CMMI, RUP and SPEM.

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