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This article provides an overview of the different types of measures used in program assessment, including direct and indirect measures. It discusses the importance of reliable and valid assessment techniques that are actionable, efficient, and meaningful. The article also emphasizes the need for convergence in evaluation measures, and touches on the concept of embedded assessment within courses.
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Overview of Types of Measures Margaret Kasimatis, PhD VP for Academic Planning & Effectiveness
Location in Assessment Cycle DETERMINE PRACTICES USED TO ACHIEVE OUTCOMES IDENTIFY SPECIFIC OUTCOMES GATHER EVIDENCE ARTICULATE MISSION/ GOALS RECOMMEND ACTIONS REVIEW & INTERPRET RESULTS
Measures Within the Context of Program Assessment • For program assessment, measurement tools should capture student learning that occurs as a result of the program curriculum • Many measurement tools can be used for multiple levels of assessment • But how you use them differs • Some assessment tools are not appropriate for program-level assessment
Categories of Measures • Direct Measures • Look at student work products or performances that demonstrate level of learning • Indirect Measures • Capture students’ perceptions of their learning and the educational environment that supports learning
Categories of Measures • Direct Measures • Published, standardized tests (e.g., GRE Subject Test, ETS Major Field Test) • Locally developed tests • Systematic evaluation of student work(papers, presentations, creative work, performances) • May or may not be embedded within courses • Usually involves scoring rubrics • Indirect Measures • Published surveys • Locally developed surveys and interviews • Alumni surveys
Properties of Good Assessment Techniques • Reliable – internally consistent; consistent across raters • Valid – measures what it is supposed to; appropriate • Actionable – results point reviewers toward challenges to address (and how to address them) • Efficient and cost effective in time and money • Interesting and meaningful – people care about the results and are willing to act on them • Convergence – multiple lines of evidence point to the same conclusion
A Word on Embedded Assessment • Various types of measurement tools can be embedded within courses • Only carefully constructed measures, used in certain types of courses, are appropriate for program-level assessment • Must go beyond individual course content • Some should occur in upper-level courses that are taken only after several other courses in the major