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Cities and Climate Change

Cities and Climate Change. Dan Hoornweg The World Bank 10 July, 2007. Where the emissions come from. Source: WRI, Baumert et al, 2005. The Role of Cities. Likely the world’s most important stakeholder Urbanized world changes things 80% of GHG emissions from or for cities

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Cities and Climate Change

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  1. Cities and Climate Change Dan Hoornweg The World Bank 10 July, 2007

  2. Where the emissions come from Source: WRI, Baumert et al, 2005

  3. The Role of Cities • Likely the world’s most important stakeholder • Urbanized world changes things • 80% of GHG emissions from or for cities • Some infrastructure serving cities has a 50 year operating life (shifting inertia now)

  4. Emissions Figures in million tons CO2e, figures in brackets are for 1990 baseline

  5. Targets All reductions from 1990 levels

  6. Top Sources of Emissions * SF includes ‘intraregional’ vehicles, others don’t as far as I can tell

  7. Some Common City Initiatives

  8. Water, Wastewater and Solid Waste • Water conservation devices rebates/regs • Solar Water Heating • Water Recycling • Deep-lake water cooling • Recycling • Solid Waste to Biogas, Composting • Energy efficient pumps, sludge management

  9. Energy Efficiency • Rebates on EE devices • Green Buildings Guidelines/Regulations/Incentives • Energy Audits on Buildings • Retrofits for Municipal Buildings • Distribution of CFLs • Efficiency targets for utilities • Building Energy Performance Labeling

  10. Transportation • Alternative fuels for municipal fleets • Traffic signal synchronisation • Transit-Oriented Development • Cycling-friendly investment • Demand Management/Congestion Charges • Emission-related charging • Smart parking meters

  11. Energy • Solar energy rebates • Tidal Energy • Smart-metering • Targets for Renewable Energy • Distributed Generation • Preferential Purchasing

  12. Vulnerability of Cities to Climate Change DIRECT IMPACTS • Sea level rise • Flooding and landslides • Heat waves • Increased “heat island effect” • Water scarcity • Decreasing water quality • Worsening air quality • Ground ozone formation Djibouti-Ville flooded in April 2004

  13. Vulnerability of Cities to Climate Change INDIRECT IMPACTS • Frequency, intensity of natural disasters • Accelerated urbanization • Environmental refugees • Increased energy demand for heating or cooling • Epidemics, worsening public health • Availability and pricing of foodstuff Environmental refugees Djibouti, October 2004

  14. Varying degrees of vulnerability • Cities in Highly Impacted Regions: tropical, sub-tropical eco-systems, arid and water-stressed countries, island states • Coastal Cities: all coastal cities, particularly those in deltaic environments, those with high levels of land-reclamation • Cities in Less Developed Countries: where institutional resilience, financial resources and technical capacity are limited

  15. World Bank’s Work Plan • Operations Review • Index of city GHG emissions and energy use (with ICLEI, WEF, Clinton Foundation, etc. – index ready by January 2008) • SWOT Teams to pilot cities – next 12 months • Targeted studies and ‘honest brokering’, especially for Part 2 cities • Start modestly • Darwin trumps Descartes, slowly

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