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Statistics Chapter 1 Statistical Reasoning: Investigating a Claim of Discrimination

Section 1.1 Discrimination in the Workplace: Data Exploration. Statistics Chapter 1 Statistical Reasoning: Investigating a Claim of Discrimination. Chapter Concepts. Exploration: Informal, open-ended examination of the data. What does “open-ended” mean?

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Statistics Chapter 1 Statistical Reasoning: Investigating a Claim of Discrimination

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  1. Section 1.1 Discrimination in the Workplace: Data Exploration StatisticsChapter 1 Statistical Reasoning:Investigating a Claim of Discrimination

  2. Chapter Concepts • Exploration:Informal, open-ended examination of the data. • What does “open-ended” mean? • You are uncovering and summarizing patterns. • Inference:Follows strict rules and focuses on judging whether the patterns you found are what you would expect. • You use this inference to make a specific decision about your exploration. • We will use this in section 1.2

  3. Chapter Purpose • Get familiar with the ideas of statistical thinking, without worrying about the details of calculations. • Avoid getting caught by the trap of doing and not understanding what you did or why. • Focus on the why and let the how come through practice. • Methods of stats can’t overtake the meaning.

  4. Section 1.1 Definitions • Cases: The subjects or objects of the study. • Variables: The characteristics of the cases that are being studied. • Variability: It is what statistics is all about. • Characteristics of cases differ. We are exploring and making inferences about the variability. • It makes our world inexact to our understanding, but non-the-less interesting. • Stats could be defined as the science of learning from data in the presence of variability • Refer to page 4 and 5 in text book.

  5. Definitions Continued • Distribution: What the values of the characteristic measurements are and how often each occurs. • This distribution is often shown with graphs or plots. The dot plot is the first we will discuss. • Example: # of siblings of students • Dot Plot: A number line that shows the spread of the data with dots above the numbers where the data lies. More dots mean more data points at that value.

  6. Dot Plots • Refer to Westvaco spreadsheet… (p. 5 and 6) • Let’s look at “Age” of salaried retained workers (labeled “0”) • Compare that to age of salaried laid off workers (labeled “1,2,3,4,5”) • Is there a pattern or difference that you can see from a dot plot?

  7. 2 Way Table • 2 Way Table: Shows details of data in rows and columns. Cases are in rows and characteristics are in columns. • This can be used to show similarities or differences in quantities and proportions. See page 6.

  8. Discussion Question • Compare text book display 1.3 – Salaried workers to display 1.5 – Hourly workers. Which gives stronger evidence in support of a claim for age discrimination? • Why?

  9. Practice Problems • If time permits: • Page 9 • Practice #s: 1, 2, 3

  10. Homework • Page 9: • Exercises 1, 2, 3, 5, 7

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