16.2 War in the East

1. 16.2War in the East Eric Badillo, Vince Bobbitt, Joe Martens, Joe Nelson

2. The First Battle of Bull Run Joe Nelson & Vince Bobbitt

3. Facts • People came to watch battle in a holiday mood, happy and cheery, they thought the Union was going to pull off a quick win • Union had 35,000 barely trained soldiers led by Brigade Gen. Irvin McDowell • Confederate had 22,000 troops • For 2 days, Union troops tried to avoid Confederate troops and cross the creek Bull Run, and Confederates got reinforcements at the time • July 21, 1861- battle began •   “There is Jackson standing like a stone wall!” cried one southern officer, and General Thomas “Stonewall” Jackson earned his famous nickname.

4. Facts Continued • The Confederates let out their “rebel yell” • It was really terrifying and many Union soldiers fled • Union soldiers tried to retreat orderly, but road was clogged with spectators • The First Battle of Bull Run was the first major battle of the Civil War, and the Confederates’ victory. • The battle is also known as the First Battle of Manassas • Shattered the North’s hopes of winning the war quickly

5. The Result • The loss at Bull Run persuaded Lincoln to get a better army, so he put hopes in General George B. McClellan • McClellan assembled an army of 100,000 men and trained them • The army was called the Army of the Potomac

6. The Seven Days’ Battles Joe Martens

7. Peninsular Campaign • Peninsular Campaign – General George B. McClellan’s plan to capture Richmond, the Confederate capitol • Moved slowly in the peninsula between the James & York Rivers • South feared reinforcements – sent Stonewall Jackson to attack Washington • Attack stopped, but prevented Union reinforcements

8. Seven Days’ Battles • Robert E. Lee became commander of the Confederate Army in Virginia in 1862 • Attacked the Union Army near Richmond – Seven Days’ Battles • Forced Union Army to retreat • Lee saved Richmond • Not all attacks won by Confederates: General D. H. Hill said of one failed attack, “It was not war—it was murder”

9. The Second Battle of Bull Run Joe Nelson

10. Second Battle Of Bull Run • After the Seven Days’ Battles, Lincoln told General John Pope to march on Richmond • Pope told his soldiers, “Let us look before us and not behind. Success and glory are in the advance.” • Stonewall Jackson wanted to stop Pope from reaching the Army of the Potomac • They met up and fought the Second Battle of Bull Run

11. The Second Battle Of Bull Run Continued • First Day-Captain George Fairfield recalled, “What a slaughter! No one appeared to know the object of the fight, and there we stood for one hour, the men falling all around.” • Second day-Pope tried to crush Confederates, but failed, heavy casualties occurred on both sides • Third Day- Union got crushed very hard

12. Result • Confederates won a great victory • Robert E. Lee decided to take the war to the North • Tried to get victory on Northern soil • BAM! • Antietam happened!

13. Battle of Antietam Joe Martens

14. Robert E. Lee • Born in 1807 in Virginia • Fought in Mexican-American War • After start of Civil War, President Abraham Lincoln asked him if he would like to lead the Union Army • Lee declined and, after resigning from the Union Army, became general for Confederate Army

15. Battle Plan • Confederate General Robert E. Lee wanted victory in North • On September 4, 1862, 40,000 Confederate troops came into Maryland, a Union state • Lee divided army: about 20,000 troops went to Harpers Ferry, Virginia under Thomas “Stonewall” Jackson, defeated the Union force and captured the town • Lee and his half of the army went to Fredrick, Maryland and Lee issued a Proclamation to the People of Maryland; to try to get the townspeople to join the Confederates • However, the people stayed with the Union • Union troops found a copy of Lee’s plan, left at an abandoned camp

16. Meeting Up • General George B. McClellan’s Union forces met Lee’s Confederate troops along Antietam Creek in Maryland on September 17, 1862 • Battle lasted for a day • Union lost 12,000 soldiers • Confederacy lost 13,000 men • The Battle of Antietam was the bloodiest single-day battle in United States history • Also known as the Battle of Sharpsburg • More soldiers killed or wounded than combined deaths of Americans in the American Revolution, the War of 1812, and the Mexican-American War • Important Union victory - stopped Lee’s northern advance

17. Breaking the Union’s Blockade Eric Badillo

18. Breaking the Union’s Blockade • Fought for control of the land • The Union navy controlled the sea • North had most of the U.S. Navy’s small fleet • Naval officers remained loyal to Union • Had enough industry to build more ships • Navy quickly mobilized to set up a blockade of southern ports • Prevented South from selling or receiving goods • Hard to maintain - Union navy patrolled thousands of miles of coastline from Virginia to Texas • South used small, fast ships to out-run the larger Union warships • Naval fleet traveled to the Bahamas or Nassau • Reduced number of ships entering southern ports (6,000 to 800 per year)

19. Clash of the Ironclads • Confederacy turned to ironclads • ships made with iron • Confederates captured Union steamship • The Merrimack(Union steamship) turned into an ironclad and renamed the Virginia • sank two Union wooden warships • The Union navy built its own ironclad called the Monitor • Built by John Ericsson with unusual and new features • Powerful weapons and thick plating • The Virginia and the Monitor fought and the Monitor forced the Virginia to retreat • Victory saved Union fleet - continued the blockade • The ironclads made a revolution of iron naval warfare

22. http://www.teachertube.com/viewVideo.php?video_id=319492