Assessment: Sexual and Asexual Reproduction T-Chart

1. Assessment: Sexual and Asexual Reproduction T-Chart You have 15 minutes to complete the T-chart

2. Heredity and Genetics 8/8/2014 2

3. Announcements • All 7th Grade Classes • Six-weeks Test covers: • Homeostasis: internal and external stimuli • Plant reproduction: asexual and sexual • Adaptations/Evolution • Genetics/Heredity Start studying… TONIGHT!

4. Today’s Warmup • How would you describe me? What are some of my physical features (traits) that make me, Mrs. Crockett, unique? • Thin • Blonde Hair • Hazel eyes • Changes from green to blue • High forehead • Loves to Dance

5. Heredity and Genetics I wonder… is square dominant over round for sponge shape???

6. Today’s Warmup • Spongebob Squarepants is square. He marries Spongesue Roundpants and they have four children. All four children are square. • What is the genotype for these children? • Which allele is dominant- square orround? How do you know?

7. Today’s Objectives • Discuss traits class traits/engage • Learn about Gregor Mendel- the “father of genetics”- video clip • Review dominant and recessive alleles • Review vocabulary: genotype, phenotype, homozygous, heterozygous • Genetics Mix-It-Up game • Lab-book questions • BrainPop (heredity)…

8. Your Traits • What are some of your traits that make you unique? Traits worksheet • Let’s take a look at a number of physical traits… Which are common? Which are more rare? • Which traits do you think aredominant and which arerecessive?

9. Genetics • Your traits (like SpongeBob’s yellow color and square shape) are determined by your genes. • A gene is a segment of your DNA. Your DNA (found in the nucleus of almost every cell in your body) is the “set of directions” that make you you! How you lookand how you behave are in greatpart determined by your genes.

10. Genetics • Every cell in your body except for eggs, sperm, and red blood cells contains a full set of chromosomes in its nucleus. • If the chromosomes in one of your cells were uncoiled and placed end to end, the DNA would be about 6 feet long. If all the DNA in your body were connected in this way, it would stretch approximately 67 billion miles! That's nearly 150,000 round trips to the Moon!

11. Gregor Mendel • Considered the “father of genetics” • An Austrian monk with a love of science • Experimented with garden peas-studying traits such as plant height,pea color, pea shape, flower color • Began his experiments in 1856 • His work was forgotten untilother scientists confirmed his findings in 1900

12. Alleles • Alleles: The different forms of a trait that a gene may have. You get one allele for each trait from each parent. • Examples in pea plants: • Short or tall plant • Red or white flowers • Green or yellow peas

13. Alleles • Alleles can be dominant: meaning they cover up other alleles; or they can be recessive: meaning they can be covered up or can seem to disappear • Dominant alleles= CAPITAL LETTERS • Recessive alleles= lowercase letters

15. Alleles • If the alleles are the same they are called homozygous. (also known as purebred) • Example: TT or tt (both parents gave same allele) • If the alleles are different they are called heterozygous. (also known as hybrid) • Example: Tt (parents gave differentalleles)

16. Genetics Vocabulary • The genotype of an organism is it’s genetic makeup • Example: TT = homozygous dominant • Tt = heterozygous • tt = homozygous recessive • The phenotype of an organism is the way the organism looks and/or behaves (what you see) • Example: short, blue eyes, brown hair, etc.

17. Genetics Mix-It-Up • Work with your lab partner • Every lab group gets one envelope • Inside the envelope are colored squares representing alleles for plant height • Yellow represent short (t). Red represent tall (T).

18. Genetics Mix-It-Up • To show how each parent contributes one allele for a trait, pull out two squares • In the example below, would the new plant be tall or short?Remember: Yellow represent short (t). Red represent tall (T). Genotype= heterozygous Phenotype= tall

19. Genetics Mix-It-Up • One partner will represent the mother’s alleles, one partner will represent the father’s alleles. • Without looking each lab partner pull one colored square from the envelope and lay the squares side by side. • Draw your offspring and tell its genotype and phenotype in your lab notebooks.

20. Genetics Mix-It-Up • You should have a total of 4 offspring. • Remember: • Two red = homozygous dominant (TT); tall • Two yellow = homozygous recessive (tt); short • One red and one yellow = heterozygous (Tt); tall • Mrs. Crockett will stamp when you are complete.

21. Genetics Mix-It-Up: Part II • Refer back to the color squares (offspring) drawn in your lab-book. • Write and answer these questions: • How many of the offspring look tall? • How many of the offspring look short? • How many were homozygous dominant (TT)? • How many were homozygous recessive (tt)? • How many were heterozygous (Tt)?

22. Genetics with a smile • Using one coin, flip twice • Once for male, once for female • Complete the first line (face shape) with me.

23. Human Genetics gametes

24. Today’s Assignment • Part 1- CPS Genetics Review Quiz • 10 questions • Open notes • Part 2- Written Genetics Summary (to turn in) • Explain how traits are passed from parents to child. • List two dominant and two recessive traits seen in our class population. • Explain what genotype is required to observe (see ) recessive traits. • Can the phenotype of an organism tell you what the genotype actually is? Explain.

25. Today’s Assignment • Part 3- Textbook Genetics Review • Read section 1- Genetics (pg. 384-390) • Answer questions # 1, 2, 3,4, and 5 on page 390. • You do NOT have to write the question, but must give good, complete answers • Turn in to bin at the end of the period- finished or not!!!

26. Make it a great day Mustangs!