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Monsoons. A seasonally varying wind Created by a continental scale sea breeze Famously, the NE & SW Monsoons over the Indian subcontinent Other monsoons exist (American monsoon) Seasonal monsoon winds change circulation in the Indian Ocean (Somali Curent). Sea Breezes. Sea Breezes.
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Monsoons • A seasonally varying wind • Created by a continental scale sea breeze • Famously, the NE & SW Monsoons over the Indian subcontinent • Other monsoons exist (American monsoon) • Seasonal monsoon winds change circulation in the Indian Ocean (Somali Curent)
Monsoon Processes SW Monsoon NE Monsoon Summer Winter
Monsoon Winds SW Monsoon NE Monsoon
Monsoon Winds SW Monsoon NE Monsoon
Features of Indian Monsoon • Coastline borders largest land mass on planet & near the tropics • Himalayas focus winds & create orographic rains • Glacial storage of freshwater occurs • Persistent low level winds (Somali or Findlater Jet)
Indian Ocean Circulation • Far more complicated than Atlantic or Pacific • Monsoon winds drive seasonal changes in observed currents in Arabian Sea • Reversing currents include Somali, NEC & NECC • Somali current reaches > 3.5 m/s • Intense open ocean upwelling
The American Monsoon • Occurrence of July Thunderstorms over NW Mexico & Arizona • Driven by monsoon between Pacific Ocean & the American Desert • Huge issue for flash floods
The American Monsoon Monthly precipitation over SW U.S. & Mexico
The American Monsoon July Convective Activity Index
The American Monsoon • Occurrence of July Thunderstorms over NW Mexico & Arizona • Driven by monsoon between Pacific Ocean & the American Desert • Huge issue for flash floods