Automation in Road Transport Past, Present & Future

1. Automation in Road Transport Past, Present & Future Maarten Oonk MSc. Joakim Svensson Sr. Market Manager TNO Date: 7th of March 2013

2. Agenda

3. Automation throughout the years

4. Patent development

5. Automation in the 21st century

6. Challenges Structure the huge complexity of the domain, the different possible angles to look at the problems and make optimum use of past efforts; Increase participation of specific stakeholders like road authorities, traffic industry and service providers; Align our work with established expert groups on relevant topics for development of automation (internationally); Translate the roadmap for automation into a working program that will be recognized and accepted by the ITS community Look for options and/or alternatives to overcome apparent problems and obstacles for deployment;

7. Process AUTOMATION IN ROAD TRANSPORT

8. Scenario’s Highway Rural ROADMAP Urban Dedicated

9. Example use case

10. Mapping of functions -I Automated vehicles Levels of Automation *) Full automation Highway pilot Automated intersection automated mode translation Urban platooning High automation • Automated emergency stop Scenario’s platooning Traffic jam assistance Collision Avoidance - Braking and Steering Partial automation • Energy Efficiency Intersection Control Dynamic speed adaptation Overtake assistance Lane keeping assistance Driver assistance Automated Emergency Braking system Cruise control Driver only Urban area rural area Highway area *) Based on the definitions of BASt

11. Mapping of functions - II Automated intersection Legal aspects Human factors & cognition Technical developments Urban platooning Automated mode translation Intersection assistance Level of automation Dynamic speed enforcement Scenario’s Dedicated urban rural inter-urban

12. State of the Art and beyond… • Technical developments • Perception • Cognition & human factors • Traffic Management • Modeling & simulation

13. 6 meetings in 2012 resulting in Draft roadmap document Results

14. Reliable object recognition and tracking Situational awareness State estimation & prediction Accurate road representation Detection of free space Classification of objects Plug and Play concepts Perception (vehicles & road operator)

15. Open in-vehicle platform for I2V communication and functions Arbitration (negotiation between driver, on-board automation and TM centre) Distributed traffic management & self organizing concepts (lane assignment, smart ramp metering) Determine and advise on the level of automation that is applicable Supervision of automation by traffic management centres Development of smart logistics corridors with advanced transport management Traffic & transport management

16. Effects of automated driving over a long period of time Interaction with automation in own vehicle and other road users Mode transitions & Mode confusion Take-over ability & Controllability Integration of functions Merging of autonomous (vehicle based) sensors with cooperative data acquisition and validation Human Machine Interaction strategies and concepts Cognition and Human factors

17. Draft roadmap Roadmap Recommendation of Research & Innovation activities

18. Future • Personalised? • Connected? • Pseudo-modal? • Professional drivers only?

19. Thanks for your attention

20. Definitions

21. More awareness with road authorities; Statement on options for developing suitable legal framework; Develop applicable models for simulating changing traffic dynamics; HMI & human factors Implementation plan for technical feasible cooperative applications in real life; Make sure there is a clear business case and a prime stakeholder; Recommendations

22. Stakeholders Who are involved…. That is changing! Now Future

23. This is our past and future; We now a lot about it; We only need time to discover it all