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GEM RBW challenge criteria. Choosing challenge storms from CRESS era, due to availability of equatorial observations Challenge interval: spans at least 6 months, contains 5 or more distinct storms Chose period following CRESS data dropout, Feb 1, 1991 to July 31, 1991
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GEM RBW challenge criteria • Choosing challenge storms from CRESS era, due to availability of equatorial observations • Challenge interval: spans at least 6 months, contains 5 or more distinct storms • Chose period following CRESS data dropout, Feb 1, 1991 to July 31, 1991 • Training interval: spans at least 2 months; independent of challenge interval • Chose 2 months prior to data dropout: August 15, 1990 to October 15,1990 • Several storms in this interval are discussed in Iles et al. [JGR, 2006, doi:10.1029/2005JA011206] • Choosing M, K pairs based on those used in Iles et al., plus canonical “1MeV at Geo” • 1860 MeV/G (1MeV at Geo), K=0 (equatorial) and K=0.1 (off-equatorial) • 750 MeV/G (~750keV at Geo), K=0 (equatorial) and K=0.1 (off-equatorial) • 550 MeV/G (~600keV at Geo), K=0 S. Elkington, 12/11/2010
Training interval • Training interval encompasses August 15, 1990 to October 15,1990, and includes several storms discussed in Iles et al. [JGR, 2006, doi:10.1029/2005JA011206] • August 26-30, 1990 (clear storm, preceded by another; Dst-min ~ -100nT) • September 11-16, 1990 (“series of prolonged substorms”, minimal Dst response) • October 9-15, 1990 (clear storm, Dst-min ~ -120 nT) S. Elkington, 12/11/2010
Challenge interval, Storm 1: Feb 1-5, 1991 • Dst-min ~ -79 nT • Extended recovery phase S. Elkington, 12/11/2010
Challenge interval, Storm 2: Mar 24, 1991 • Dst-min ~ -298 nT • Superstorm; pronounced SSC • JB: “We have to do this badboy” S. Elkington, 12/11/2010
Challenge interval, Storm 3: May 17, 1991 • Dst-min ~ -105 nT • “classic” storm S. Elkington, 12/11/2010
Challenge interval, Storm 4: Jun 5-17, 1991 • Dst-min ~ -223 nT • Multiple subsequent main phases S. Elkington, 12/11/2010
Challenge interval, Storm 5: July 9, 1991 • Dst-min ~ -194 nT • Another “classic” storm, first of 2 that month S. Elkington, 12/11/2010
Extra-credit bonus interval: Feb 24, 1991 • Almost no Dst response • Clear particle injection in data • What’s going on here? S. Elkington, 12/11/2010
GEM RBW challenge interval • Training interval: August 15, 1990 to October 15, 1990 • Iles et al. [JGR, 2006, doi:10.1029/2005JA011206] • August 26-30, 1990 (clear storm, preceded by another; Dst-min ~ -100nT) • September 11-16, 1990 (“series of prolonged substorms”, minimal Dst response) • October 9-15, 1990 (clear storm, Dst-min ~ -120 nT) • Challenge interval: February 1, 1991 to July 31, 1991 • February 1, 1991 (Dst-min -79, extended recovery) • March 24, 1991 (superstorm interval) • May 17, 1991 (Dst-min -105, basic storm) • Jun 5, 1991 (multi-dip storm) • July 9, 1991 (Dst-min -194, basic storm) • February 24, 1991 (extra special bonus non-storm electron injection) • Challenge M, K pairs • 1860 MeV/G (1MeV at Geo): K=0 (equatorial) and K=0.1 (off-equatorial) • 750 MeV/G (~750keV at Geo): K=0 (equatorial) and K=0.1 (off-equatorial) • 550 MeV/G (~600keV at Geo): K=0 Re(G)1/2 S. Elkington, 12/11/2010