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What is Psychology?

What is Psychology?. PSYCHOLOGY. Psychology is the scientific study of behavior and mental processes (mind) But where did it all start?. Before Psych!. Philosophy asks questions about the mind using observations and personal logic --> No Scientific Proof

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What is Psychology?

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  1. What is Psychology?

  2. PSYCHOLOGY • Psychologyis the scientific study of behavior and mental processes (mind) • But where did it all start?

  3. Before Psych! • Philosophy asks questions about the mind using observations and personal logic -->No Scientific Proof • Physiology is focused on the physical structures of the brain rather than thought processes and behaviors --> Scientific Method but What about the Mind?

  4. How do you think people explained psychological disorders prior to modern scientific knowledge?

  5. Psych in Ancient Civilization • Supernatural Phenomenon • demonic possession, sorcery, angry gods • Neolithic: Trephining • Mesopotamia: Magico-religious, exorcisms, incantations • Ancient Hebrews/Persians: God’s wrath

  6. Psych in Ancient Civilizations

  7. The Greeks to the Middle Ages • 500- 300 BCE - Hippocrates - mental illness seen as related to the body and the brain • Socrates and Plato - dualism • Galen - 4 humors related to 4 body • blood, phlegm, bile, black bile • Middle Ages - unbalance of humors • used leaching, purging, custom diets

  8. Phrenology: A Wrong Turn • Believed that the shape and size of the skull indicated character and mental abilities • An offshoot that developed at the same time as psychology that also saw the brain as the site of mental activity • Although it did originally have a scientific backing, it was discredited and became grouped with astrology etc.

  9. Early Treatment of Mentally Ill • Usually left to families; often restrained, abused, hidden or disowned due to shame and stigma • Some helped by folk healers, apothecaries, occasional physician • Some accused of witch craft • First asylum by Arabs in 8th century, first European asylum in 1407 in Spain.

  10. Early Treatment of Mentally Ill • Most asylums were like prisons meant to keep mentally ill out of the way • Untrained staff who treated people like animals • Used cells, iron cuffs, shackles, no visitors, no cleaning • This was typical through 1800’s and into early 1900’s • Saint Mary of Bethlehem in London- “Bedlam”

  11. It got Better! • Late 1700‘s-Phillipe Pinel -French Reformer. Took over asylum, no more chains, put patients in sunny rooms • Mid 1800‘s-Dorothea Dix - lobbied to build state hospitals over housing mentally ill in prisons • Late 1800‘s-Nellie Bly- undercover reporter in asylum -exposed bad practices • 1940’s- Increased research into mental illness

  12. But Still Debatable Practices • Electro-Shock Therapy • Lobotomy • One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest -Ken Kesey • 1950‘s-1960‘s-Increased hospitalization and then decreased • 1980‘s -Homelessness of many mentally ill • 1992-7.2% of inmates are still seriously mentally ill

  13. Serbian Mental Institution

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