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Modes of Regulation: Where Does Brazil Fit?. Fundacao Getulio Vargas Regulatory Seminar Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil July 31, 2014 Ashley C. Brown Executive Director, Harvard Electricity Policy Group Harvard Kennedy School Harvard University Of Counsel, Greenberg Traurig LLP. Definition.
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Modes of Regulation:Where Does Brazil Fit? FundacaoGetulio Vargas Regulatory Seminar Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil July 31, 2014 Ashley C. Brown Executive Director, Harvard Electricity Policy Group Harvard Kennedy School Harvard University Of Counsel, Greenberg Traurig LLP
Definition Independent: Empowered to Make Decisions On Its Own
Independent Regulatory Modes • Active • Inter-Active • Passive
Characteristics of Active Regulator • Exercise Full Authority • Policy Oriented/Central to Formation of Sector Policy • Government Input/No Control • Pro-Active
Characteristics of Inter-Active Regulator • Discreet Exercise of Authority • Plays Non-Central Role to Formation of Sector Policy • Close Coordination with Government • Moderately Pro-Active
Characteristics of Passive Regulator • Minimal Exercise of Authority • Little Policy Role/Case by Case Decision • Follows Government • Reactive
Where Does Brazil Fit? • Varies by Sector and Agency • Varies by Subject Matter
Institutional Constraints • Short Institutional History • Diffused Authority (TCU, CAPE, Fazenda) • Direct Government Intervention and Interests (SOE’s) • Reliance on Planning, not Market • Many Interest Groups Not Organized to Intervene in Regulatory Processes • Resources
Institutional Strengths • Fixed Terms Respected (e.g. AGERGS, ANEEL, Apagao) • Absence of Scandals/Corruption • Legal Foundations • Public Participation/Transparency
Case by Case Examples • Active: • ANEEL: Distribution Pricing Methodology • Passive: • CADE: Petrobras Behavior in Thermal Auction • Interactive: • Advisory Role in Electric Sector Model Formulation • Preempted: Formation of CCC during Apagao