Motor Control & Learning

1. Motor Control & Learning • Level of control in all learning • Learning produces changes in control

2. Learner Task Environment

3. Motor Skill Defined • Requires body &/or limb movement • Voluntary • Goal directed • Learned

4. Characteristics of Human Action • Flexibility • Ability to recruit different muscles and joints to achieve same action • Uniqueness • No two movements are ever performed in exactly the same way

5. Characteristics of Human Action • Consistency of Action • Temporal and spatial aspects of a movement remain relatively stable from one performance to the next • Modifiability of Action • Ability to alter a movement pattern, even as it is being executed

6. Classification of Motor Skills

7. One-Dimensional Classifications SIZE OF MUSCULATURE INVOLVED Gross motorFine motor

8. One-Dimensional Classifications DISTINCTIVENESS OF MOVEMENT DiscreteContinuous

9. One-Dimensional Classifications STABILITY OF ENVIRONMENT ClosedOpen

10. Environmental Dimension Demands placed on performer by the environment (Performance Space) Move Where? Spatial Move When? Temporal Move Where & When? Spatial & Temporal Constraints

11. Closed Skill Characteristics Self-paced Fixed Environment Spatial Control Highly Predictable

12. Open Skill Characteristics Externally-paced Changing Environment Spatial & Temporal control Skill Level of Performer

13. Two-Dimensional Classification Stationary Motion No variability Variability Regulatory conditions CONTEXT

14. Batting Tee Same height Pitch Machine Same speed/place Live Pitch Batting Tee Various heights Stationary No variability In Motion No Variability In Motion Variability Stationary Variability

15. Two-Dimensional Classification FUNCTION Body Stability Object Body Transport No Object

16. Two-Dimensional Classification StationaryMotion No variabilityVariability Body Stability Object Body TransportNo Object CONTEXT FUNCTION

17. Why is two-dimensional classification system useful? Applying the system