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*Nguyen Tri Hoan , Le Quoc Thanh Vietnam Academy of Agricultural Sciences * Pham Dong Quang

*Nguyen Tri Hoan , Le Quoc Thanh Vietnam Academy of Agricultural Sciences * Pham Dong Quang Minister Of Agriculture and Rural Development *Ngo Van giao Vietnam Seed Trade Association *Duong thanh Tai Southern Joint-stock Seed Company.

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*Nguyen Tri Hoan , Le Quoc Thanh Vietnam Academy of Agricultural Sciences * Pham Dong Quang

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  1. *Nguyen Tri Hoan, Le QuocThanh Vietnam Academy of Agricultural Sciences * Pham Dong Quang Minister Of Agriculture and Rural Development *Ngo Van giao Vietnam Seed Trade Association *Duong thanh Tai Southern Joint-stock Seed Company RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT OF HYBRID RICE IN VIETNAM contraints and perpectives

  2. Role of agriculture in Vietnam’s economy Vietnam is predominantly an agricultural economy, based on paddy rice production. Among the other edible crops, maize, sweet potato, cassava, vegetables are most important. Rubber, coffee, tea, coconut, sugarcane are the most important industrial plants Vietnam is an agriculture-based country with more than 73% of population depending on the agriculture Rice is the most important crop with cultivated area is 7.2-7,6 million ha, maize 1.2 mil ha; Almost rice variety are inbred ones, hybrid varieties accounting for around 700,000 ha. Rice variety improvement is on the top of priority for rice research during last two decades

  3. Achivements in rice production in Vietnam during 20 years, from 1986 - 2005: Average yield of rice increaced from 2.81 to 4.93 tons/ha (1.7 times ) Total rice production increased from 16 to 36 million tons; Rice export increased from 0.06 to 5.2 million tons (2013 : Aver. yield 5,58 tons/ha, production 44 mill.tons, exported 6.7 mil.tons)

  4. Table 1: Area, Yield and production of rice in Vietnam during 2001-2013 (Source :Statitical Department)

  5. Table 2 : Rice exported of Vietnam during 2001-2013

  6. 2. Investment, especially in irrigation system 3. Application of advanced technologies New rice improved varieties: - 149 varieties from 1986 to 2005 - 45,1% VN rice varieties were applied in the production New advanced technologies widely applied: INM, IPM, ICM, “3 giam 3 tang”, … Hybrid rice: 600.000 - 700.000 ha/year

  7. II. PROGRESS IN HYBRID RICE RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT IN VIETNAM

  8. 1.Historical of hybrid rice development -1980-1983 ; Rice breeders started to introduced and evaluated A and B line from IRRI At CLRRI and VASI -1992 Vietnam Introduced F1 seeds from China for testing and demonstration in the farmers fields - 1992-1995: +Rice breeders introduced A Lines,B Lines from IRRI, China for hybrid rice breeding in Vietnam. + Hybrid Rice Research Center belonged to VASI was established by MARD., + MARD gave subsidized fund for hybrid rice seed production and hybrid rice commercial production. + FAO supported Vietnam TCP Project provided training rice breeding in China, Provided International consultant on seed production and hybrid rice breeding, provided some equipments for hybrid rice research.

  9. -1996-2000 : +:Second TCP Project supported by FAO for seed production and training at IRRI and China + ADB/IRRI Hybrid rice Project supported for Parental lines purification and Hybrid rice breeding +Hybrid rice breeding and seed parent purification Funded by MARD. MARD gave subsidized fund for hybrid rice seed production -2001-2015 : + Hybrid rice Research project funding by MARD (80.000-10.000 USD pêr year) +Local hybrids ( 3 lines and 2 line hybrids) have been developed and released for F1 seed production + 2000- 3000 ha of hybrid rice seed production have been done per year with the yield of 2-2.5 tons/ha obtained

  10. 2, Status and trend of hybrid rice development 2.1, Progress of hybrid rice research

  11. 2.1.1,Exploitation of imported CMS lines and Developed new CMS lines for breeding suitable 3 line hybrids * IR 58025 A developed by IRRI

  12. **Developed new CMSTable 3 : Characteristics of newly developed CMS lines

  13. 2.1.2, Results of developing new tropical TGMS lines in Vietnam The new TGMS lines had stable pollen sterility under critical temperature of 23-24oC, uniform in phenotype combined with good combining ability were developed viz. AMS30S (827S),T196S,103S,TGMS1 Some newly developed TGMS lines have been used as female of promising two line hybrids viz. VL20, TH3-3, TH3-4, HC1, TH5-1, HYT103, HYT102, VL24 HYT108, LHD5 and LHD6.

  14. 2.1.3, Developed new TGMS based on adapted maintainer line and restorer linesof 3 line hybrids Aimed: Overcome instability of some exiting CMS Limited number of available CMS lines for 3 line hybrid system. Exploiting good flower characteristics, good combining of exiting parental lines Parental lines used : 4 TGMS lines were CL64S, 7S, CN26S, TG125S Maintainer lines were II-32B, Jin 23B, IR62829B, BoB, IR58025B, 97B, Restorer lines were Gui99, Ce64, Fuhui838.

  15. Table 4: Characteristics of newly developed TGMS lines derived from exiting CMS lines

  16. 2.1.4, Results of development for parental lines having WC gene The conventional high yielding varieties, adapted to Vietnamese condition as Xi23, Q5, Chiem77, R242, BM9855 etc… were used as male to cross with donor having WC gene viz. Peiai 64S, N22, Palawan, Dular, Calotoc, Lambayeque1, Moroberecan. Single crosses were done and selection for parental lines followed 2 directions: (i) Select fertile plant in segregating generation to male parent having WC gene (ii) Selected sterile plants in segregating generations of single crosses or in back crossing generations.

  17. Table 6 : Characteristics of newly developed TGMS having WC gene (HRDC, 2005 - 2010)

  18. Selection of male lines containing WC Along with observation and study in field, leaves of the male lines were collected to analyse AND by using PCR reaction with molecular marker RM225, RM253, linked with WC gene which was determined in the previous study. Using 2 molecular markers RM225 and RM253 to select lines which bring QTL/WC gene, showed in figure 21, 22 following:

  19. Combination two analyses result with two marker RM225 and RM 253, we obtained 16 perpective male lines which absolutely contain WC gene: D16-3, D27, D18-3, D22, D27-5, D14, D25-2, D1-5, D17, D16-1, D16-6, D26, D19, D52, D46 và D67.

  20. Table 9: Yields for promising super hybridrice(Indica/japonica),on the Spring 2014 at Daklak,Taynguyen

  21. 2.1.5,Diseases and insects resistance study* Studies on disease resistance

  22. * Determine the existence of molecular markers linked to the bacterial leaf blight resistance genes Check the existence of molecular markers (MM) linked to the bacterial leaf blight resistance genes. Extracting AND and analyzing PCR products to determine the diversity of parental lines: * Two molecular markers (STS_MP1, MP2) linked to the bacterial leaf blight resistance gene Xa4 * One molecular marker (RG556) linked to the bacterial leaf blight resistance gene xa5 * One molecular marker (P3) linked to the bacterial leaf blight resistance gene Xa7 * Two molecular markers (PTA818, PTA248) linked to the bacterial leaf blight resistance gene Xa21

  23. Molecular marker linked to gene Xa7 (STS – P3) Figure 2: PCR products of gene Xa7 from parental lines, F1, F2 of IR24 x IRBB7

  24. trình chọn tạo giống. IR24 BB21 RR RR Rr rr rr rr Rr rr IR24 xa5 Rr rr rr Rr RR rr rr RR Figure 5: : PCR products of gene Xa21 from parental lines, F1, F2 of IR24 x IRBB21 IR24 BB21 F1 Quần thể phân ly F2 Figure 6: Hình ảnh lây nhiễm nhân tạo chủng 4 trên gen Xa21 Figure 7: Hình ảnh lây nhiễm nhân tạo chủng 4 trên gen xa5

  25. Figure 8: Using molecular marker RM6997 to select lines containing resistant gene. Lane 1: line SL10, lane 2: line RS,lanes 3-8: line E1, E3, E5, E6, E7, E8 Figure 9: Investigate resistant level in fields. Green area was E-3 and E-8 line. Brow area was control line which was infected by BPH

  26. Table 10 : The hybrids resistance to BPH have been developed

  27. Table 11: Number of rice hybrid were released for commercial production during 2002-2013 (Source: Agricultural Department,MARD)

  28. Table 12: Marjor released rice hybrids for commercial rice production in Vietnam

  29. Table 12 (continue)

  30. Table 13: Results of cooperating hybrid rice breeding with the seed production 2000-2010

  31. Table 14: Quality analysis of hybrid rice combinations in 2006(Plant phisiology and biochemistri agro product quality departement –FCRI)

  32. 2.2.2 Status of hybrid rice seed production

  33. Hybrid rice seed production in Vietnam spreading F1 seed production technology to farmer Local extension deparment Add Your Title Hybrid Rice Research and Developing Center Supporting training from ADB/IRRI project

  34. 2.2.2.1 Strengthen government commitment, policy and final support to promote hybris rice research and development The government and Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Development have provided resources to support the following research and development activities. Formulating the hybrid rice program for submission to the government for approval that will create a base for investment and development. Establish the Hybrid Rice Research Center for assuming research, leading and coordinating hybrid rice research in Vietnam Forming hybrid rice development project from 2000-2003 and 2005-2010 Carry out the production hybrid rice seeds on large scale in a network of 4 focal point provinces.

  35. Subsidize policy for hybrid rice seed production. • The production of hybrid rice seeds in Vietnam is implemented through three steps: + First step: Mainly to import seed and domestically producing seed is supplementary. + Second step: Domestic seed production would be gradually promoted to balance with the imported seeds.  + Third step: Mainly to produce domestically and importing is supplementary. > for F1 hybrid rice producing: • Training farmers in F1 seed production during last 10 years (1992-2002). • In early phase, the Government through provincial extension system provide price subsidize policy for farmers in purchasing commercial seeds (30-50% value of the seeds).

  36. Area of F1 seed production decreased: Subsidized fund from government declined to 250 USD/ha and cost of fertilizers increased. Crops damaged due to changing climate. The cooperatives involved in F1 seed production lead to difficulties to distribute F1 seeds. Lack of good cooperation between research and seed production companies.

  37. Month 12 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 TGMS multiplication in the Northen provinces and the Taynguyen provinces. Seed production for two line hybrid in the south - F1 seed production in the Northern provinces TGMS multiplication at moutainous area (Sapa, tam dao, son la) DIAGRAM: Crop seasons and locations are determined for seed production of two line hybrid rice in Vietnam

  38. Table 15: Area of hybrid rice seed yield and F1 seeds produced in Vietnam during 2001 – 2013 (source MARD, 2014)

  39. HYBRID RICE SEED IMPORTATION Every year, Vietnam imported 13,000 to 15,000 tons of hybrid rice seeds. The total volume of imported seeds is decreasing, in which seeds imported from China decreased gradually, but from other countries increased, especially for tropical rice hybrids.

  40. Table16: Area, yield of hybrid rice during 2001 - 2013)

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