ENERGIA(s) ESTÁTICA(s)

1. ENERGIA(s) ESTÁTICA(s) http://amsglossary.allenpress.com/glossary/browse

2. ENERGIA ESTÁTICA • static energy • The sum of the enthalpy and potential energy per unit mass of dry air, given by • where • h is the static energy (unfortunately using the same symbol as that conventionally used for specific enthalpy), • cpd is the specific heat at constant pressure of dry air, • cw is the specific heat of liquid water, • Lv is the latent heat of vaporization, • rv and rt are the vapor and total water mixing ratios, • T is the temperature, • z is the height above the surface, and • g is the acceleration of gravity. • Static energy plus kinetic energy is conserved along steady-state trajectories under adiabatic reversible conditions.

3. ENERGIA ESTÁTICA SECA • dry static energy—(Also called the Montgomery streamfunction.) • A thermodynamic variable similar to potential temperature, except that the concept of static energy assumes that any kinetic energy is locally dissipated into heat. • The amount of this dissipative heating is often negligible. • Dry static energy is conserved during unsaturated vertical and horizontal motion, and is defined as • where • cp is the specific heat capacity of air at constant pressure, • T is absolute temperature, • g is gravitational acceleration, • z is height. • The reference height can be arbitrary; it is sometimes taken as z = 0 at P = 100 kPa to be consistent with potential temperature, or it can be defined relative to the local ground or sea level.

4. ENERGIA ESTÁTICA UMIDA • moist static energy • A thermodynamic variable (analogous to equivalent potential temperature) • calculated by hypothetically lifting air adiabatically to the top of the atmosphere and allowing all water vapor present in the air to condense and release latent heat: • where • g is gravitational acceleration, • Lv is the latent heat of vaporization, • Cp is the specific heat at constant pressure for air, • T is absolute temperature, • z is height above some reference level (either the local surface at z = 0 or the height where the ambient pressure is 100 kPa), and • r is the water vapor mixing ratio in the air.

5. ENERGIA ESTÁTICA DE SATURAÇÃO • saturation static energy • A thermodynamic variable ses defined as • where • g is gravitational acceleration, • z is height above some reference level (often taken as the height where the pressure is 100 kPa), • Lv is the latent heat of vaporization, • Cp is specific heat at constant pressure, • T is absolute temperature, and rsat is the theoretical value of saturation mixing ratio of water in air of temperature T at pressure p.

6. ENERGIA ESTÁTICA DA ÁGUA LÍQUIDA • liquid water static energy • A thermodynamic variable (analogous to liquid water potential temperature) • calculated by first evaporating any liquid water present in the air, and then lowering it adiabatically to a reference altitude z often taken either as the local surface (z = 0), or as the altitude where the ambient pressure is 100 kPa: • where • g is gravitational acceleration, • Lv is the latent heat of vaporization, • Cp is the specific heat at constant pressure for air, • T is absolute temperature, and • rL is the liquid water mixing ratio in the air. • This variable is conserved for moist-adiabatic processes.