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Introduction to Materials Science & Engineering

Introduction to Materials Science & Engineering. Course Objective. Introduce fundamental concepts in MSE. You will learn about:. • material structure. • how structure dictates properties. • how processing can change structure. This course will help you to:. • use materials properly.

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Introduction to Materials Science & Engineering

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  1. Introduction to Materials Science & Engineering Course Objective... Introduce fundamental concepts in MSE You will learn about: • material structure • how structure dictates properties • how processing can change structure This course will help you to: • use materials properly • realize new design opportunities with materials a

  2. LECTURES Lecturer: Don H. Rasmussen Time: 11:00 AM Tuesday and Thursday Location: 176 CAMP • This is a CONCEPTS course • And a SURVEY course • Present new material • Work sample problems • Answer questions b

  3. COURSE MATERIAL WileyPlus online version Fundamentals of Materials Science and Engineering: An Integrated Approach , 3rd Edition William D. Callister, Jr. and David G. Rethwisch, John Wiley and Sons, 2005. http://edugen.wiley.com/edugen/class/cls186321/ f

  4. Engineered structures are not blackboxes. They are made from raw materials which have a processed internal structure. This internal structure affects the material and The engineered structure properties...

  5. Structural feature Dimension (m) -10 < 10 atomic bonding -10 missing/extra atoms 10 -8 -1 crystals (ordered atoms) and crystal defects 10 -10 -8 -4 10 -10 second phase particles crystal texturing -6 > 10 1 Structure has many dimensions…

  6. Understanding Size How big (small) are we talking about? Classical systems are macroscopic and nanosystems are nanoscopic. WORDS are created as necessary! Part of the following from Glenn Fishbine on Nanotechnology

  7. Understanding Size • 1 meter source: Glenn Fishbine - CERN http://microcosm.web.cern.ch/microcosm

  8. Understanding Size • 10 centimeters source: Glenn Fishbine - CERN http://microcosm.web.cern.ch/microcosm

  9. Understanding Size • 1 centimeter source: CERN http://microcosm.web.cern.ch/microcosm

  10. Understanding Size • 100-1000 micrometers source: CERN http://microcosm.web.cern.ch/microcosm

  11. Understanding Size • 10 micrometers source: CERN http://microcosm.web.cern.ch/microcosm

  12. Understanding Size • 1 micrometer source: CERN http://microcosm.web.cern.ch/microcosm

  13. Understanding Size • 100 nanometers source: CERN http://microcosm.web.cern.ch/microcosm

  14. Understanding Size • 10 nanometers source: CERN http://microcosm.web.cern.ch/microcosm

  15. Understanding Size • 1 nanometer source: CERN http://microcosm.web.cern.ch/microcosm

  16. Size Matters • It’s not just how big you are • It’s what you can do with it

  17. Understanding Effects Physical processes do not scale uniformly • gravity • friction • combustion • electrostatic • van der Walls • brownian • quantum

  18. Understanding Effects Gravity

  19. Understanding Effects Friction

  20. Understanding Effects Combustion

  21. Understanding Effects Electrostatic

  22. Understanding Effects van der Waals

  23. Understanding Effects brownian

  24. Understanding Effects Quantum "I don't like it, and I'm sorry I ever had anything to do with it.” - Erwin Schrodinger "I think that I can safely say that nobody understands quantum mechanics.” - Richard Feynman

  25. Understanding Size of Effects Centimeter: Gravity, friction, combustion, Newtonian mechanics Millimeter: Gravity, friction, combustion, electrostatic, magnetic Micrometer: Electrostatic, magnetic, van der Walls, Brownian Nanometer: Electrostatic, magnetic, van der Walls, Brownian, Quantum Angstrom: Quantum mechanics (1/10,000,000,000 meter)

  26. Structure, Processing, & Property • Properties depend on structure ex: hardness vs structure of steel Data obtained from Figs. 10.21(a) and 10.23 with 4wt%C composition, and from Fig. 11.13 and associated discussion, Callister 6e. Micrographs adapted from (a) Fig. 10.10; (b) Fig. 9.27;(c) Fig. 10.24; and (d) Fig. 10.12, Callister 6e. Hardness (BHN) • Processing can change structure ex: structure vs cooling rate of steel 2

  27. The Materials Selection Process 1. Pick Application Determine required Properties Properties: mechanical, electrical, thermal, magnetic, optical, environment tolerance – corrosion resistance. 2. Properties Identify candidate Material(s) Material: structure, composition. 3. Material Identify required Processing Processing: changes structure and overall shape ex: casting, sintering, vapor deposition, doping forming, joining, annealing. 3

  28. ELECTRICAL • Electrical Resistivity of Copper: Adapted from Fig. 18.8, Callister 6e. (Fig. 18.8 adapted from: J.O. Linde, Ann Physik5, 219 (1932); and C.A. Wert and R.M. Thomson, Physics of Solids, 2nd edition, McGraw-Hill Company, New York, 1970.) • Adding “impurity” atoms to Cu increases resistivity. • Deforming Cu increases resistivity. 4

  29. THERMAL • Space Shuttle Tiles: --Silica fiber insulation offers low heat conduction. • Thermal Conductivity of Copper: --It decreases when you add zinc! Fig. 19.0, Callister 6e. (Courtesy of Lockheed Missiles and Space Company, Inc.) Adapted from Fig. 19.4W, Callister 6e. (Courtesy of Lockheed Aerospace Ceramics Systems, Sunnyvale, CA) (Note: "W" denotes fig. is on CD-ROM.) Adapted from Fig. 19.4, Callister 6e. (Fig. 19.4 is adapted from Metals Handbook: Properties and Selection: Nonferrous alloys and Pure Metals, Vol. 2, 9th ed., H. Baker, (Managing Editor), American Society for Metals, 1979, p. 315.) 5

  30. MAGNETIC • Magnetic Storage: --Recording medium is magnetized by recording head. • Magnetic Permeability vs. Composition: --Adding 3 atomic % Si makes Fe a better recording medium! Adapted from C.R. Barrett, W.D. Nix, and A.S. Tetelman, The Principles of Engineering Materials, Fig. 1-7(a), p. 9, Electronically reproduced by permission of Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, New Jersey. Fig. 20.18, Callister 6e. (Fig. 20.18 is from J.U. Lemke, MRS Bulletin, Vol. XV, No. 3, p. 31, 1990.) 6

  31. OPTICAL • Transmittance: --Aluminum oxide may be transparent, translucent, or opaque depending on the material structure. polycrystal: low porosity polycrystal: high porosity single crystal Adapted from Fig. 1.2, Callister 6e. (Specimen preparation, P.A. Lessing; photo by J. Telford.) 7

  32. Enviromental Tolerance • Stress & Saltwater... --causes cracks! • Heat treatment: slows crack speed in salt water! Adapted from Fig. 11.20(b), R.W. Hertzberg, "Deformation and Fracture Mechanics of Engineering Materials" (4th ed.), p. 505, John Wiley and Sons, 1996. (Original source: Markus O. Speidel, Brown Boveri Co.) Adapted from Fig. 17.0, Callister 6e. (Fig. 17.0 is from Marine Corrosion, Causes, and Prevention, John Wiley and Sons, Inc., 1975.) 4mm --material: 7150-T651 Al "alloy" (Zn,Cu,Mg,Zr) Adapted from Fig. 11.24, Callister 6e. (Fig. 11.24 provided courtesy of G.H. Narayanan and A.G. Miller, Boeing Commercial Airplane Company.) 8

  33. SUMMARY Course Goals: • Use the right material for the job. • Understand the relation between structure, properties, and processing. • Recognize new design opportunities offered by materials selection. 9

  34. ANNOUNCEMENTS Reading: Chapters 1 & 2. Core Problems: As assigned in Wileyplus http://edugen.wiley.com/edugen/class/cls186321/ http://www.clarkson.edu/~rasmu/es260 Prof. Don H. Rasmussen 218 CAMP, ext 3820 rasmu@clarkson.edu 0

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