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Chemical Nomenclature - Naming Compounds and Ions

Learn the rules and guidelines for naming chemical compounds and ions, including binary ionic compounds, polyatomic ions, binary molecular compounds, and acids.

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Chemical Nomenclature - Naming Compounds and Ions

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  1. Chapter 8 Nomenculature

  2. Chemical Nomenculature • A system of naming compounds. • IUPAC rules are designed to name compounds. • Common names: H2O-water. • Ionic- metal+nometal. • molecular- nonmetals. • Exceptions: polyatomic ions. • Practice Ex 8.1-Pg.255.

  3. Types of Binary Ionic compounds: • Binary: Compound in which only two elements are present. • Binary ionic compound: Compound in which monoatomic +ve charged metal ions and monoatomic –ve charged nonmetal ions are present.

  4. Types of Binary Ionic compounds • Fixed charge binary ionic compound: Metal ion can form only one type of +ve ion. • Fixed charge metals are group I A, II A,Al3+, Ga3+, Zn2+,Cd2+, Ag+ • Variable charge binary ionic compound: Metal ion can form more than one type of +ve ion. • Cr2+, Cr3+, Co2+, Co3+, Cu+, Cu2+, Au+, Au3+, Fe2+, Fe3+, Pb2+, Pb4+, Sn2+, Sn4+, Mn2+, Mn3+

  5. Nomenculature for binary ionic compounds • Fixed charged metals take the full name of the element plus the word “ion” • Na+-sodium ion • Variable charged metal ions take the full name of the element followed by a roman numeral( ) plus the word ion. • Cu2+ - copper (II) ion. • Nonmetal ions=stem of the name+ ide + word” ion” • Cl- chloride ion. • Learn table 8.2-P.258

  6. Name the following: • KCl Na2O • MgF2 Be3N2 • CuO Cu2O • AuCl3 Mn2S3 • Do Practice Ex: 8.2,8.3 P.259.

  7. The ic and ous system. • Higher-ic • Lower-ous. • Table 8.3 P.261.

  8. Write formulas for the following: • iron (III) choride: tin (II) fluoride • stannic bromide auric oxide • plumbous fluoride ferrous bromide • ferric bromide copper(III) chloride

  9. Nomenculature for ionic compounds containing polyatomic ions: • Learn table 8.4- P. 263. • If the polyatomic ion is +ve, its name is substituted that for metal. • If the polyatomic ion is –ve, its name is substituted for the nonmetal stem plus ide.

  10. Nomenculature for ionic compounds containing polyatomic ions: • Na3PO4 K2CO3 • Fe3(NO3)3 Co(NO3)2 • Cu2SO4 Fe2 (SO4 )3 • NH4CN (NH4)3 PO4

  11. Ternary compound • A compound containing three different elements.

  12. Nomenculature for Binary Molecular Compounds • A molecular compound in which only 2 nonmetals are present. • 1. Name of first nonmetal used in full. • 2. Stem of the name of second nonmetal + ide ending • 3. Appropriate suffix used. • Table 8. 5, P.266.

  13. Name the following: • CCl4 NCl3 • CO • P4 S6 • S4 N4 S2O • PF3 CF4 • Exception: H2S- HCl-

  14. Systematic Name • A name of a compound based on IUPAC rules that conveys information about the composition of the compound.

  15. Common Name • Name of a compound not based on IUPAC rules and that does not convey the information about the composition of the compound. • Learn table 8.6- Common Names.P.268

  16. Nomenculculature for acids: • Acid: A H containing compound that yields Hydrogen ions when dissolved in water. • Ex: HCl, HNO3, H2SO4, HCN, H3PO4

  17. Rules for Naming acids 1.Name of negative ion ends with ide. the prefix hydro + stem of the negative ion + suffix ic+ the word acid 2. Name of negative ion ends with ate Name of –ve ion less ate ending + suffix ic + word acid. 3.Name of negative ion ends with ite. Name of –ve ion less ite ending + suffix ous+ the word acid.

  18. Name the following: • Name the following acids: • H2CO3 HClO3 • HF HClO2 • H2SO4 HClO • HBr HClO4

  19. Nonoxy acid • Composed of H and other nonmetals other than oxygen that produce H+ in aqueous solution.

  20. Oxy acid • Composed of H, O, other elements that produce H+ in aqueous solution. • Table 8.7:P.272:aq and dry state nomenculatures. • Do Practice Ex: 8.9, 8.10-Pg. 275

  21. Homework problems P.276: 1,3,9,13,15, 19, 23, 25, 27, 29, 31, 35, 37, 39, 41, 49, 51, 53, 55, 57, 61, 63, 65, 67, 71, 73, 79, 81, 83, 85, 87, 101, 103, 115, 119.

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