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Maltiplexing in optic network

Maltiplexing in optic network. by: m.Nikeghbali ICT department – ITI U. multiplexing PDH – SDH/SONET WDM’s Family Common NEs in optical Network VOD(video on demand). Contents. 2. multiplexing PDH – SDH/SONET WDM’s Family Common NEs in optical Network VOD(video on demand) Standards.

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Maltiplexing in optic network

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  1. Maltiplexingin optic network by: m.Nikeghbali ICT department – ITI U

  2. multiplexing PDH – SDH/SONET WDM’s Family Common NEs in optical Network VOD(video on demand) Contents 2

  3. multiplexing PDH – SDH/SONET WDM’s Family Common NEs in optical Network VOD(video on demand) Standards 3

  4. Multiplexing FDM (Frequency Division Multiplexing) (a) The original bandwidths. (b) The bandwidths raised in frequency. (c) The multiplexed channel.

  5. Multiplexing WDM (Wavelength Division Multiplexing)

  6. Multiplexing TDM (Time Division Multiplexing) Multiple digital signals interleaved in time

  7. Multiplexing TDM (Time Division Multiplexing) Multiplexing T1 streams into higher carriers. The T1 carrier (1.544 Mbps).

  8. multiplexing PDH – SDH/SONET WDM’s Family Common NEs in optical Network VOD(video on demand) Standards 8

  9. PDH – SDH/SONET PDH(Plesynchronous Digital Hierarchy)

  10. PDH – SDH/SONET PDH(Plesynchronous Digital Hierarchy) The location of low-rate signals in high-rate signals is not regular nor predictable. So it is impossible to directly extract low-rate signals from high-rate signals.

  11. PDH – SDH/SONET SONET/SDH • Digital transmission standards for fiber-optic cable • Independently developed in USA & Europe – SONET(Synchronous Optical Network) by ANSI – SDH(Synchronous Digital Hierarchy) by ITU-T • Multiplexed transport mechanism

  12. PDH – SDH/SONET SONET/SDH SONET Frame: 90 * 9 = 810 byte 810 * 8 = 6489 bite 6489 bit * 8000 frame/sec = 51.84 Mbps STS - 1 STS Multiplexing

  13. STM-1 STM-4 STM-1 STM-1 STM-1 PDH – SDH/SONET SONET/SDH • SONET defines a signal hierarchy – STS (Synchronous Transport Signals) • A hierarchy of signaling levels – OC (Optical Carriers) • Physical links defined for optical signals – STS(OC)-1 (51Mbps) ∼ STS(OC)-192 (10Gbps) • SDH specifies a similar hierarchy – STM (Synchronous Transport Module) – STM-1 (155Mbps) ∼ STM-64 (10Gbps) • OC-1, OC-3, OC-12, OC-48, OC-192

  14. PDH – SDH/SONET SONET/SDH STS-1 Frame Overheads

  15. AU-4 TU-3 TU-12 PDH – SDH/SONET SONET/SDH SDH(Synchronous Digital Hierarchy) PDH signals ×N 139264kbit/s STM-N AUG VC-4 C-4 ×3 SDH signal VC-3 TUG-3 ×7 34368kbit/s C-3 TUG-2 Pointer processing ×3 Align adjustment 2048kbit/s VC-12 C-12 Multiplexing Mapping

  16. PDH – SDH/SONET SONET/SDH SDH SONET Data Rate (Mbps) Electrical Electrical Optical Line Rate Payload Rate Overhead Rate - STS-1 OC-1 51.84 50.112 1.728 STM-1 STS-3 OC-3 155.52 150.336 5.184 STM-3 STS-9 OC-9 466.56 451.008 15.522 STM-4 STS-12 OC-12 622.08 601.344 20.736 STM-6 STS-18 OC-18 933.12 902.016 31.104 STM-8 STS-24 OC-24 1244.16 1202.688 41.472 STM-12 STS-36 OC-36 1866.24 1804.032 62.208 STM-16 STS-48 OC-48 2488.32 2405.376 82.944 STM-64 STS-192 OC-192 9953.28 9621.504 331.776 STM-256 STS-768 OC-768 39813.12 38486.016 1327.104 16

  17. multiplexing PDH – SDH/SONET WDM’s Family Common NEs in optical Network VOD(video on demand) Standards 17

  18. WDM’s Family • Recently WDM has become known as Coarse WDM or CWDM to distinguish it from DWDM 18

  19. WDM’s Family Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing • Multiple channels of information carried over the same fibre, each using an individual wavelength • Dense WDM is WDM utilising closely spaced channels • Channel spacing reduced to 1.6 nm and less • Cost effective way of increasing capacity without replacing fibre • Commercial systems available with capacities of 32 channels and upwards; > 80 Gb/s per fibre 19

  20. WDM’s Family DWDM Advantages • DWDM can give increases in capacity which TDM cannot match • Higher speed TDM systems are very expensive • Greater fibre capacity • Easier network expansion • No new fibre needed • Just add a new wavelength • Incremental cost for a new channel is low • No need to replace many components such as optical amplifiers • DWDM systems capable of longer span lengths • TDM approach using STM-64 is more costly and more susceptible to chromatic and polarization mode dispersion • Can move to STM-64 when economics improve 20

  21. WDM’s Family DWDM Disadvantages • Not cost-effective for low channel numbers • Fixed cost of mux/demux, transponder, other system components • SONET/SDH network management systems not well equipped to handle DWDM topologies 21

  22. WDM’s Family Optical Spectral Bands DWDM Standards 22

  23. WDM’s Family Sample DWDM Signal Multiplexer Optical Output Spectrum for an 8 DWDM channel system, showing individual channels 23

  24. multiplexing PDH – SDH/SONET WDM’s Family Common NEs in optical Network VOD(video on demand) 24

  25. Common NEs in optical Network Common NEs in optical Network TM ADM REG DXC

  26. Common NEs in optical Network Terminal Multiplexer(TM) w STM-N TM (Optical Interface) 140M 2M 34M STM-M Note: (M<N) (Tributary Interface) TM TM ADM

  27. Common NEs in optical Network Add/drop Multiplexer (ADM) STM-N STM-N w e ADM (Optical interface) (Optical interface) 140M 2M 34M STM-M Note: (M<N) (Tributary Interface) TM TM ADM

  28. Common NEs in optical Network Regenerator (REG) regeneration, amplification and relaying STM-N w STM-N e REG (Optical interface) (Optical interface) TM TM ADM ADM REG

  29. Common NEs in optical Network Digital Cross-connection Equipment (DXC) Core function is cross-connection Used at hub station (Optical interface) (Optical interface) DXC

  30. multiplexing PDH – SDH/SONET WDM’s Family Common NEs in optical Network VOD(video on demand) 30

  31. VOD(video on demand) 31

  32. THANK YOU

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