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Pericardium and External features of Heart

Pericardium and External features of Heart. Dr. Sama ul Haque. Objectives. Define pericardium. Differentiate between fibrous and serous pericardium. Define pericardial sinuses. Identify the borders and surfaces of the heart. Describe the structure of the heart. Pericardium.

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Pericardium and External features of Heart

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  1. Pericardium andExternal features of Heart Dr. Sama ul Haque

  2. Objectives • Define pericardium. • Differentiate between fibrous and serous pericardium. • Define pericardial sinuses. • Identify the borders and surfaces of the heart. • Describe the structure of the heart

  3. Pericardium • Pericardium is a fibroserous sac that encloses the heart and roots of the great vessels. • Relations of Pericardium: • Anterior: • Body of Sternum • 2nd to 6th costal cartilages • Posterior: • 5th to 8th thoracic vertebrae

  4. Layers of the Pericardium 1. Fibrous Pericardium Attached anteriorly to the sternum by Sternopericardial ligaments. 2. Serous Pericardium Two Layers: a. Parietal b. Visceral

  5. Serous Pericardium

  6. Pericardial Sinuses

  7. Nerve supply of the Pericardium • 1. Fibrous Pericardium and Parietal layer of serous • Pericardium: • By Phrenic nerves • Visceral layer of Serous Pericardium: • By Sympathetic trunk and vagus nerves

  8. Location of Heart

  9. Angle of Louis

  10. Location of Heart

  11. Borders of the Heart Right border: formed by right atrium Left border: formed by left auricle and left ventricle Lower border: formed by right atrium & mainly by right ventricle

  12. Surfaces of the Heart Sternocostal surface (Anterior surface): Mainly formed by right atrium and right ventricle. Diaphragmatic surface (Inferior surface): Mainly formed by right and left ventricles. Small portion is formed by right atrium. Base (Posterior surface): Mainly formed by left atrium. Apex: formed by left ventricle

  13. Heart (Anterior Surface) Anterior Surface Apex

  14. Heart (Posterior and inferior surfaces) Base Inferior Surface

  15. Heart (Anterior view) SVC: Superior vena cava AA: Ascending Aorta PT: Pulmonary Trunk RA: Right Auricle RV: Right ventricle LV: Left ventricle IVC: Inferior vena cava SVC PT AA RA RV LV IVC

  16. Heart (Posterior view) LA: Left auricle RA: Right auricle LV: Left ventricle IVC: Inferior vena cava LA RA IVC LV

  17. Heart (Posterior view)

  18. Heart (Anterior interventricular Sulcus or Groove) AIS

  19. Heart (Posterior interventricular Sulcus or Groove)Coronary or Atrioventricular Sulcus or Groove CS PIS

  20. Coverings & Wall of the Heart

  21. Thank You

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