BUDDHISM Terms to Know: Great Stupa of Sanchi Pagoda Torii Stupa

1. BUDDHISM Terms to Know: Great Stupa of Sanchi Pagoda Torii Stupa

2. BUDDHISM Buddhism is a family of beliefs and practices considered by most to be a religion and is based on the teachings attributed to Siddhartha Gautama, commonly known as "The Buddha" (the Awakened One), who was born in what is today Nepal. He lived and taught in the northeastern region of India and most likely died around 400 BCE.

3. Buddhas are often depicted in the same way, despite being created over thousands of years and thousands of miles away: Seated, usually posed in a lotus position with balls of the feet straight up Elongated ears, generally frontal, symmetrical and have a nimbus,or halo. Helpers known as bodhisattvas are usually near the Buddha, sometimes attached to the nimbus.

4. Buddha has many moods, but is often depicted in a calm, meditative look. His actions and feelings are usually conveyed through hand gestures called mudras. The head has a top knot, or ushnisha, with tight-fitting curls. A predella can feature images of donors or teachings from his life

5. THE STUPAThe stupa is the most characteristic monument of Buddhist India. Originally stupas were mounds covering the relics of the Buddha or his followers. In its earliest stages Buddhist art didn't represent the Buddha directly. Instead, his presence was alluded to through symbols such as the bo tree, the wheel of law or his footprint. The stupa also became a symbol of the Buddha. In a larger sense the stupa is also a cosmic symbol. Its hemispherical shape represents the world egg. Stupas commonly rest on a square pedestal and are carefully aligned with the four cardinal points of the compass. Stupas are large-scale memorials built in particularly holy places. Generally they enshrine relics of some sort.

6. THE STUPAAs a building type the stupa is the forerunner of the pagoda. However, the stupa has also come to be known, on a smaller scale, as the reliquary itself and can be made of crystal, gold, silver or other precious metals. Stupain Bangkok, Thailand.

9. The Great Stupa, 3rd Century BCE, Sanchi, India. BUDDHISM

10. Carved decoration of the Northern gateway to the Great Stupa of Sanchi

11. A toriiis a traditional Japanese gate commonly found at the entry to a Shinto shrine, although it can be found at Buddhist temples as well. It has two upright supports and two crossbars on the top, and is frequently painted vermilion. Some torii have tablets with writing mounted between the crossbars. Traditionally, torii are made of wood or stone, but makers have started to use steel and even stainless steel. Torii mark the transition from the sacred world to the normal, profane world.

12. The PAGODA is the general term in the English language for a tiered tower with multiple eaves common in China, Japan, Korea, Vietnam, and other parts of Asia. Most pagodas were built to have a religious function, most commonly Buddhist, and were often located in or near temples. This term may refer to other religious structures in some countries. The pagoda's original purpose was to house relics and sacred writings. A PAGODA in Japan.

13. In May of 2007, hundreds of Buddhist monks gathered in Changzhou, China, to celebrate the opening of what local officials say is the world's tallest pagoda. The towering structure stands nearly 505 feet (154 meters) tall—reaching 50 feet (15 meters) higher than Egypt's Great Pyramid of Giza. The wooden tower was recently added to the ancient Tianning Temple, a Buddhist complex dating back to China's Tang Dynasty, which lasted from A.D. 618 to 907. The temple has been destroyed and rebuilt in the same spot five times.

14. Pre-Columbian Art Pre-Columbian Art is the art of Mexico, Central, the Caribbean, and South America in the time prior to the arrival of European colonizers in the 15th century. Pre-Columbian art thrived over a wide timescale from 1800 BCE to 1500 CE. Despite the great range and variety of artwork, certain characteristics were repeated throughout the region, namely a preference for angular, linear patterns, and three-dimensional ceramics.

15. El Castillo, Temple at Chichen Itza (Mexico), MAYAN

16. ChacMool figure, MAYAN CIVILIZATION

17. Moai(Large Monolithic heads) Rapa Nui (Easter Island) 1250-1500 POLYNESIAN

18. Easter Island (Rapa Nui) is a Polynesian island in the southeastern Pacific Ocean, at the southeastern most point of the Polynesian triangle. A special territory of Chile that was annexed in 1888, Easter Island is famous for its 887 extant monumental statues, called moai created by the early Rapanui people.

19. Machu Picchu Machu Picchu ["Old Peak") is a pre-Columbian 15th-century Inca site located 7,970 ft above sea level. It is situated on a mountain ridge above the Urubamba Valley in Peru. Most archaeologists believe that Machu Picchu was built as an estate for the Inca emperor Pachacuti (1438–1472). Often referred to as "The Lost City of the Incas", it is perhaps the most familiar icon of the Inca World. Machu Picchu was built around 1450, at the height of the Inca Empire. It was abandoned just over 100 years later, in 1572, as a belated result of the Spanish Conquest. It is likely that most of its inhabitants died from smallpox introduced by travelers before the Spanish conquistadores arrived in the area. Although known locally, it was unknown to the outside world before being brought to international attention in 1911 by the American historian Hiram Bingham. Since then, Machu Picchu has become an important tourist attraction. Machu Picchu, Peru, 1450-1530. INCA EMPIRE

20. Machu Picchu, Peru, 1450-1530. INCA EMPIRE

21. Giant Head! 6 to 7’ tall La Venta & San Lorenzo 1400-400BCE OLMEC