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Chapter #5

Chapter #5. Nomenclature. Forces Between Particles Naming Binary Ionic Compounds  The Smallest Unit of Ionic Compounds  Covalent Bonding  Polyatomic Ions  Shapes of Molecules and Polyatomic Ions  The Polarity of Covalent Molecules. NOMENCLATURE. I. Binary Ionic compounds.

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Chapter #5

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  1. Chapter #5 Nomenclature

  2. Forces Between Particles • Naming Binary Ionic Compounds  • The Smallest Unit of Ionic Compounds  • Covalent Bonding  • Polyatomic Ions  • Shapes of Molecules and Polyatomic Ions  • The Polarity of Covalent Molecules

  3. NOMENCLATURE I. Binary Ionic compounds Binarymeans two different elements Ionicmeans metal and nonmetal Step 1 First give the name of the metal, followed by the nonmetal name using the “ide” suffix. Step 2 If the metal is to the right of group IIA, then a Roman numeral is used after the metal to to describe the charge of the metal. Except Ag, Zn,and Al Examples NaCl Al2O3 FeCl2 FeCl3

  4. NOMENCLATURE I. Binary Ionic compounds Binarymeans two different elements Ionicmeans metal and nonmetal Step 1 First give the name of the metal, followed by the nonmetal name using the “ide” suffix. Step 2 If the metal is to the right of group IIA, then a Roman numeral is used after the metal to to describe the charge of the metal. Except Ag, Zn,and Al Examples NaCl Sodium chloride Al2O3 FeCl2 FeCl3

  5. NOMENCLATURE I. Binary Ionic compounds Binarymeans two different elements Ionicmeans metal and nonmetal Step 1 First give the name of the metal, followed by the nonmetal name using the “ide” suffix. Step 2 If the metal is to the right of group IIA, then a Roman numeral is used after the metal to to describe the charge of the metal. Except Ag, Zn,and Al Examples NaCl Sodium chloride Al2O3Aluminum oxide FeCl2 FeCl3

  6. NOMENCLATURE I. Binary Ionic compounds Binarymeans two different elements Ionicmeans metal and nonmetal Step 1 First give the name of the metal, followed by the nonmetal name using the “ide” suffix. Step 2 If the metal is to the right of group IIA, then a Roman numeral is used after the metal to to describe the charge of the metal. Except Ag, Zn,and Al Examples NaCl Sodium chloride Al2O3Aluminum oxide FeCl2 Iron(II) chlorideFeCl3

  7. NOMENCLATURE I. Binary Ionic compounds Binarymeans two different elements Ionicmeans metal and nonmetal Step 1 First give the name of the metal, followed by the nonmetal name using the “ide” suffix. Step 2 If the metal is to the right of group IIA, then a Roman numeral is used after the metal to to describe the charge of the metal. Except Ag, Zn,and Al Examples NaCl Sodium chloride Al2O3Aluminum oxide FeCl2 Iron(II) chlorideFeCl3 iron(III) chloride

  8. II. Nonbinary Ionic compounds Nonbinarymeans more than two different elements Step 1 First give the name of the metal, followed by the memorized polyatomic ion name. Step 2 If the metal is to the right of group IIA, then a Roman numeral is used after the metal to describe the charge of the metal. Except Ag, Zn, and Al. Examples NaOH Fe(NO3)3 Zn(C2H3O2)2 FeSO4

  9. Memorized Polyatomic Ion List

  10. II. Nonbinary Ionic compounds Nonbinarymeans more than two different elements Step 1 First give the name of the metal, followed by the memorized polyatomic ion name. Step 2 CO If the metal is to the right of group IIA, then a Roman numeral is used after the metal to describe the charge of the metal. Except Ag, Zn, and Al. Examples NaOH Fe(NO3)3 Sodium hydroxide Zn(C2H3O2)2 FeSO4

  11. II. Nonbinary Ionic compounds Nonbinarymeans more than two different elements Step 1 First give the name of the metal, followed by the memorized polyatomic ion name. Step 2 If the metal is to the right of group IIA, then a Roman numeral is used after the metal to describe the charge of the metal. Except Ag, Zn, and Al. Examples NaOH Fe(NO3)3 Sodium hydroxide Iron(III) nitrate Zn(C2H3O2)2 FeSO4

  12. II. Nonbinary Ionic compounds Nonbinarymeans more than two different elements Step 1 First give the name of the metal, followed by the memorized polyatomic ion name. Step 2 If the metal is to the right of group IIA, then a Roman numeral is used after the metal to describe the charge of the metal. Except Ag, Zn, and Al. Examples NaOH Fe(NO3)3 Sodium hydroxide Iron(III) nitrate Zn(C2H3O2)2 FeSO4 Iron(II) sulfate

  13. II. Nonbinary Ionic compounds Nonbinarymeans more than two different elements Step 1 First give the name of the metal, followed by the memorized polyatomic ion name. Step 2 If the metal is to the right of group IIA, then a Roman numeral is used after the metal to describe the charge of the metal. Except Ag, Zn, and Al. Examples NaOH Fe(NO3)3 Sodium hydroxide Iron(III) nitrate Zn(C2H3O2)2 FeSO4 Zinc acetate Iron(II) sulfate

  14. III. Binary molecular Compounds Molecularmeans nonmetals Step 1 First give the name of the first nonmetal, followed by the nonmetal name using the “ide” suffix. Step 2 Give each nonmetal a Latin prefix describing the number of atoms present in the compound. Examples CO CO2 P2O5 CCl4

  15. You will need to learn the Greek numerical prefixes (Table 4.6): *Note 1 Compound names never start with mono Note 2 When adding a prefix two vowls cannot next to each other

  16. III. Binary Molecular Compounds Molecularmeans nonmetals Step 1 First give the name of the first nonmetal, followed by the nonmetal name using the “ide” suffix. Step 2 Give each nonmetal a Latin prefix describing the number of atoms present in the compound. Examples CO Carbon monoxide CO2 P2O5 CCl4

  17. III. Binary Molecular Compounds Molecularmeans nonmetals Step 1 First give the name of the first nonmetal, followed by the nonmetal name using the “ide” suffix. Step 2 Give each nonmetal a Latin prefix describing the number of atoms present in the compound. Examples CO Carbon monoxide CO2 Carbon dioxide P2O5 CCl4

  18. III. Binary Molecular Compounds Molecularmeans nonmetals Step 1 First give the name of the first nonmetal, followed by the nonmetal name using the “ide” suffix. Step 2 Give each nonmetal a Latin prefix describing the number of atoms present in the compound. Examples CO Carbon monoxide CO2 Carbon dioxide P2O5 CCl4

  19. III. Binary molecular Compounds Molecularmeans combination of nonmetals Step 1 First give the name of the first nonmetal, followed by the nonmetal name using the “ide” suffix. Step 2 Give each nonmetal a Latin prefix describing the number of atoms present in the compound. Examples CO Carbon monoxide CO2 Carbon dioxide P2O5 Diphosphorus Pentoxide CCl4

  20. III. Binary molecular Compounds Molecularmeans combination of nonmetals Step 1 First give the name of the first nonmetal, followed by the nonmetal name using the “ide” suffix. Step 2 Give each nonmetal a Latin prefix describing the number of atoms present in the compound. Examples CO Carbon monoxide CO2 Carbon dioxide P2O5 Diphosphorus Pentoxide CCl4 Carbon tetrachloride

  21. IV. Nonbinary Molecular Compounds Note:Do not use Latin prefixes Step 1 Write down the memorized polyatomic ions present in the compound. Step 2 Look to see if any monatomic ions are present. If so, then cations use the normal name. If it is an anion, then its name comes last with the “ide” suffix. Examples NH4Cl NH4OH

  22. IV. Nonbinary Molecular Compounds Note:Do not use Latin prefixes Step 1 Write down the memorized polyatomic ions present in the compound. Step 2 Look to see if any monatomic ions are present. If so, then cations use the normal name. If it is an anion, then its name comes last with the “ide” suffix. Examples Ammonium chloride NH4Cl NH4OH

  23. IV. Nonbinary Molecular Compounds Note:Do not use Latin prefixes Step 1 Write down the memorized polyatomic ions present in the compound. Step 2 Look to see if any monatomic ions are present. If so, then cations use the normal name. If it is an anion, then its name comes last with the “ide” suffix. Examples Ammonium chloride NH4Cl Ammonium hydroxide NH4OH

  24. V. Compounds that Start with Hydrogen Case 1 If the anion ends in “ide” and it is aqueous, then use the prefix hydro and suffix “ic acid” Case 2 If the anion ends in “ate” then drop it and add the suffix “ic acid” Case 3 If the anion ends in “ite” then drop it and add the suffix “ous acid” Case 4 If the anion ends in” ide” and is a gas, or liquid, then leave the name and do not use Latin prefiex

  25. Compounds that Start with Hydrogen Examples HCl (aq) HNO3 HNO2 H2O (l) HCl (g)

  26. Compounds that Start with Hydrogen Examples chloride HCl (aq) HNO3 HNO2 H2O (l) HCl (g)

  27. Compounds that Start with Hydrogen Examples chloride HCl (aq) chloric acid HNO3 HNO2 H2O (l) HCl (g)

  28. Compounds that Start with Hydrogen Examples hydrochloric acid chloride HCl (aq) chloric acid HNO3 HNO2 H2O (l) HCl (g)

  29. Compounds that Start with Hydrogen Examples hydrochloric acid chloride HCl (aq) chloric acid nitrate HNO3 HNO2 H2O (l) HCl (g)

  30. Compounds that Start with Hydrogen Examples hydrochloric acid chloride HCl (aq) chloric acid nitrate HNO3 nitric acid HNO2 H2O (l) HCl (g)

  31. Compounds that Start with Hydrogen Examples hydrochloric acid chloride HCl (aq) chloric acid nitrate HNO3 nitric acid HNO2 nitrite H2O (l) HCl (g)

  32. Compounds that Start with Hydrogen Examples hydrochloric acid chloride HCl (aq) chloric acid nitrate HNO3 nitric acid HNO2 nitrite nitrous acid H2O (l) HCl (g)

  33. Compounds that Start with Hydrogen Examples hydrochloric acid chloride HCl (aq) chloric acid nitrate HNO3 nitric acid HNO2 nitrite nitrous acid H2O (l) oxide HCl (g)

  34. Compounds that Start with Hydrogen Examples hydrochloric acid chloride HCl (aq) chloric acid nitrate HNO3 nitric acid HNO2 nitrite nitrous acid H2O (l) hydrogen oxide oxide HCl (g)

  35. Compounds that Start with Hydrogen Examples hydrochloric acid chloride HCl (aq) chloric acid nitrate HNO3 nitric acid HNO2 nitrite nitrous acid H2O (l) hydrogen oxide oxide HCl (g) chloride

  36. Compounds that Start with Hydrogen Examples hydrochloric acid chloride HCl (aq) chloric acid nitrate HNO3 nitric acid HNO2 nitrite nitrous acid H2O (l) hydrogen oxide oxide HCl (g) chloride hydrogenchloride

  37. The End

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