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ECE 5221 Personal Communication Systems

ECE 5221 Personal Communication Systems. Prepared by: Dr . Ivica Kostanic Lecture 1: Introduction (Chapter 1). Spring 2011. Outline . Wireless communication Parts of cellular communication system Cellular system idea Fundamental concepts in cellular communication.

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ECE 5221 Personal Communication Systems

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  1. ECE 5221 Personal Communication Systems Prepared by: Dr. Ivica Kostanic Lecture 1: Introduction (Chapter 1) Spring 2011

  2. Outline • Wireless communication • Parts of cellular communication system • Cellular system idea • Fundamental concepts in cellular communication Important note: Slides present summary of the results. Detailed derivations are given in notes.

  3. Types of wireless systems • Three types of wireless communication • Optical communication • Uses EM waves in optical range • Laser, Infra red, visible light • Radio communication • Uses EM waves in RF portion of spectrum • Prevalent way of wireless communication • Focus of this course • Acoustic communication • Used acoustic waves • Suitable for underwater communication • Personal communication systems • Used by “everybody” • Usually portable • Examples: • Cell-phones, WiFi, Bluetooth, pagers, • walkie-talkie, dispatch services, etc.

  4. Receiving Antenna Transmitting Antenna Transmission Medium (Air) Receiver InputInformation OutputInformation Transmitter 0100110111001 Generic layout of a radio system Major components: • Source • Transmitter • TX and RX antenna • Receiver • Sink

  5. Wireless comm. milestones (1)

  6. Wireless comm. milestones (2)

  7. Wireless systems examples

  8. ‘Boomer’ Site R~30mi Before cellular • High-powered transmitter at the highest point in town + Very good coverage - Limited Capacity - in 1970s, NY mobile phone system had just 12 (!) channels available - No roaming capabilities - Bulky and expensive subscribers’ units

  9. Cellular System Requirements Large Subscriber capacity Efficient usage of spectrum Nationwide compatibility Widespread availability Adaptability to traffic density Service for vehicles and portables Support of special services Telephone quality of service Affordability (Bell Systems Technical Journal 1979)

  10. Cellular concept Coverage zone (market) divided into smaller areas (cells) served by lower power transmitters using lower towers Each transmitter is assigned a portion of the available channels After a sufficient distance the same channels are reused to increase spectrum efficiency Cellular concept Spectrum allocation

  11. Frequency reuse Single Cluster Multiple Clusters Multiple Clusters Single Cluster N=7 N=4

  12. Capacity Improvement - Example

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