The 1850s:

1. The 1850s: Road to Secession By: Mr. Mark GonzalezGrace Christian Academy

2. Issue 1: The Missouri Compromise (1820) • Missouri joins Union as a slave state • Maine-free • 12 free, 12 slave • 36 degree latitude- north of line states would be free, south of line states would be slave

3. The Missouri Compromise

4. Problems of Sectional Balancein 1850 • California statehood. • Southern “fire-eaters” threateningsecession. • Underground RR & fugitive slave issues: • Personal liberty laws • Prigg v. Pennsylvania (1842)

5. Issue 2: The Compromise of 1850 • Architect of the Compromise-Senator Henry Clay of Kentucky • California-free (pleased the north) • New Mexico and Utah (pleased the south)-slave territories • Washington DC-slave trade abolished, not slavery itself • Fugitive Slave Law (pleased the south)

6. The Compromise of 1850

7. Effect of the new Fugitive Slave Law

8. 1852 Presidential Election √Franklin Pierce Gen. Winfield Scott JohnParkerHale Democrat Whig Free Soil

9. 1852Election Results

10. HarrietBeecherStowe(1811 – 1896) “So you ‘re the little lady who started this great war!” -- Abraham Lincoln

11. Uncle Tom’s Cabin 1852 • Written by Stowe • Sold 300,000 copies inthe first year. • 2 million in a decade!

12. Uncle Tom’s Cabin, 1852

13. Kansas-Nebraska Act, 1854 • Slavery in the new territories particularly Kansas and Nebraska should be decided on by “popular sovereignty”-letting the settlers themselves decide on whether should be slavery (advocated strongly by northern Democrats like Stephen Douglas)

14. “Bleeding Kansas”-result of “popular sovereignty” Border “Ruffians”(pro-slavery Missourians) who attacked anti-slavery Free Soil Kansans

15. “The Crime Against Kansas” An evil and aggressive “slave power” “Bleeding Kansas “Bleeding Sumner” Congr. Preston Brooks(D-SC) Sen. Charles Sumner(R-MA)

16. The “Know-Nothings” [The American Party] • Nativists. • Anti-Catholics. • Anti-immigrants. 1849  Secret Order of the Star-Spangled Banner created in NYC. Rise to power short-lived 1854-56

17. Birth of the Republican Party, 1854 • Attracted: • Northern Whigs. • Northern Democrats. • Free-Soilers. • Know-Nothings. • Other miscellaneous opponents of the Kansas-Nebraska Act.

18. 1856 Presidential Election √James Buchanan John C. Frémont Millard Fillmore Democrat Republican American Party

19. 1856Election Results

20. Dred Scott v. Sanford, 1857

21. Issue 3: The Dred Scott Case • Ruling encouraged by President Buchanan • Slaves are not citizens-can’t sue • Scott remains a slave under Missouri law • Congress cannot ban slavery in any territory • The Missouri Compromise is unconstitutional

22. The Lincoln-Douglas (Illinois Senate) Debates, 1858 A House divided against itself, cannot stand.

23. John Brown: Madman, Hero or Martyr? Mural in the Kansas Capitol buildingby John Steuart Curry (20c)

24. John Brown’s Raidon Harper’s Ferry, 1859

25. 1860PresidentialElection √Abraham LincolnRepublican John BellConstitutional Union Stephen A. DouglasNorthern Democrat John C. BreckinridgeSouthern Democrat

26. 1860 Election: 3 “Outs” & 1 ”Run!”

27. 1860 Election: A Nation Coming Apart?!

28. 1860 Election Results

29. Secession!: SC Dec. 20, 1860

30. Issue 4: Secession • Secession-when a states or states decide to leave the Union (The United States) • Lincoln-will not extend slavery any further • December 20, 1860- South Carolina decides to secede • A month after Lincoln became president, southerners opened fire on Fort Sumter in Charleston Harbor, South Carolina • The Civil War began-April 12, 1861

31. Fort Sumter: April 12, 1861