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Limiting the Monarchy & The English Civil War

This text explores the long-term problems faced by England, including financial issues, religious struggles, and power struggles with Parliament. It also focuses on King Charles I and his conflicts with Parliament, leading to the English Civil War and eventual restoration of the monarchy.

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Limiting the Monarchy & The English Civil War

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  1. Limiting the Monarchy & The English Civil War 5.5

  2. Long term English Problems: • Little money in the treasury • Large debt left by Queen Elizabeth I • Religious struggles (Catholic, Puritan, Anglican) • Power struggles with Parliament • Elizabeth dies (1603) & Scotland’s king, James Stuart becomes King of England. • King of both England & Scotland. • Died in 1625 – replaced by his son, Charles I

  3. King Charles I • England at war with Spain & France = in need of money. • Dissolved Parliament when they would not grant funds. • Forced to sign Petition of Rights (1628). • Protected the basic rights of English men. • Mostly ignored by Charles. • Issued many fees and fines throughout the nation = not popular

  4. Issues with Religion • Charles would not reform the Anglican church – Angered Puritans • Tried to force Presbyterian Scots to accept Anglican church. • Caused a large Scottish rebellion. • Forced Charles to call Parliament to ask for money.

  5. Tension Builds • 1641 – Parliament passes a law that limits royal power • In return, Charles tries to have Parliament’s leaders arrested. • Londoners created a mob outside of the palace. • Charles escapes to loyal northern England.

  6. English Civil War (1642 – 1649) • Loyalists (royals/cavaliers) vs puritan & parliament supporters • Puritan leader = Oliver Cromwell • Skilled leader that leads the Puritans to success. • Becomes leader of England after the war • King Charles was captured & brought to trial for treason. • Found guilty and publically beheaded. • First time a monarch was publically executed** • Brutal War – hundreds of thousands killed. • Majorly influenced those who lived through it.

  7. Cromwell’s Rule • Created a commonwealth (democracy) & dissolved Parliament. • Drafted a Constitution!!  • Tore it up and became a military dictator  • Had to put down Irish rebellions. • Wanted to reform & purify society. • No theater, sports or dancing. • Did support religious toleration (except for Catholics)

  8. Return to Monarchy • Cromwell dies (1658) • Government collapses & Parliament is selected. • Charles II is selected to rule. • Restored the monarchy = restoration period • Passed the Habeas Corpus Act • Guaranteed prisoners the right to be told their charges and a trial.

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