Circle of Life

1. Circle of Life B3 resources

2. Here’s a typical animal cell What are the main substances needed by the cell? What are its main waste products?

3. Which vital process inside the cell requires food (glucose) and oxygen? glucose + oxygen _________ + __________ +

4. How do the substances move in and out of cells? Here’s an animal cell surrounded by a liquid. The strength of the tint shows the concentration of oxygen Which way will the oxygen molecules travel? What is this process called? ? ? Click to reveal answer Answer The oxygen molecules will move into the cell by diffusion. They move from a high concentration of oxygen to a low concentration of oxygen down a concentration gradient. Answer

5. What happens when the animal is bigger and made of many cells? How easy is it for the cell in the centre to get oxygen?

6. Choose the length of the side of the animals by clicking on the red buttons below. Then work out their surface area to volume ratios. The first one has been done for you! 1 2 3 5 4

7. You can see from your results that as the ‘animal’ gets bigger, the surface area gets relatively smaller compared with the volume. This has massive implications for animals, especially how they get sufficient oxygen and food to all of their cells. The next few slides show you some examples ...

8. This is a uni-cellular organism (made of one cell) called a Paramecium How does it get its food and oxygen? How does it get rid of waste? By Giuseppe Vago

9. Here’s a clue! By Giuseppe Vago

10. The substances move in and out of the animal by diffusion. There is no need for a circulatory system. Why not? oxygen / food Carbon dioxide / waste materials By Giuseppe Vago

11. This is another simple animal called a Tube Sponge How does it get its food and oxygen? How does it get rid of waste? By aa7ae

12. Here are a few clues ... By aa7ae

13. carbon dioxide / waste materials food / oxygen Substances diffuse in and out of the sponge’s cells as the water passes through. There is no need for a circulatory system. Why not? By aa7ae

14. How does an Earthworm get its food and oxygen? How does it get rid of waste? By Schizoform

15. Here are a few clues ... By Schizoform

16. oxygen waste materials Food carbon dioxide By Schizoform Earthworms do have a simple circulatory system. They have blood vessels and five simple ‘hearts’. Why does an earthworm need this whereas a larger sponge does not?

17. Complete this chart to remind yourself about how animals of increasing complexity get food and oxygen to their cells

18. Use the BBC Bitesize website (or other resources) to learn more about the human circulatory system. Follow this link to see an animation about the different types of blood vessels ... ... then complete this chart to record the differences between the three types.

19. Click here for an animation on the BBC Bitesize website which explains how the blood circulates through the heart and around the body Listen out for the names of the different parts of the heart and the blood vessels which carry the blood in and out of the different chambers On the next slide you will need to arrange the parts in the correct order... ... then shade the blocks with the correct colour to indicate oxygenated or deoxygenated blood.

20. Left ventricle Valve Vena cava Renal artery Right atrium Left atrium Pulmonary arteries Aorta Lungs Right ventricle Pulmonary veins Renal vein 8 Left ventricle Valve Vena cava Right atrium Left atrium Pulmonary arteries Aorta Renal artery Valve Aorta Left ventricle Pulmonary arteries Left atrium Right atrium Renal artery Vena cava Pulmonary veins Renal vein Right ventricle Lungs Pulmonary veins Renal vein Lungs Right ventricle 7 9 Vena cava Valve Renal artery Right atrium Left atrium Pulmonary arteries Left ventricle Aorta Lungs Right ventricle Pulmonary veins Renal vein 10 Left atrium Aorta Left ventricle Pulmonary arteries Vena cava Right atrium Renal artery Valve Right ventricle Pulmonary veins Lungs Renal vein 6 Starting from the kidney keep clicking on each box until you have sorted all the parts in the correct order as the blood circulates around the body and back to the kidney. Pulmonary arteries Valve Right atrium Left atrium Left ventricle Aorta Renal artery Vena cava Vena cava Aorta Renal artery Valve Left atrium Pulmonary arteries Left ventricle Right atrium Pulmonary veins Renal vein Right ventricle Lungs Lungs Pulmonary veins Right ventricle Renal vein 5 11 Pulmonary arteries Right atrium Left atrium Renal artery Valve Left ventricle Vena cava Aorta Lungs Right ventricle Renal vein Pulmonary veins Renal artery Left atrium Left ventricle Pulmonary arteries Vena cava Valve Right atrium Aorta 12 Renal vein Pulmonary veins Right ventricle Lungs 4 Then, click on the coloured spots in each box to show if the blood is oxygenated (red), or deoxygenated (blue) Aorta Pulmonary arteries Left ventricle Left atrium Renal artery Vena cava Right atrium Valve Right ventricle Renal vein Pulmonary veins Lungs 13 Vena cava Valve Renal artery Left atrium Left ventricle Aorta Right atrium Pulmonary arteries Right ventricle Renal vein Pulmonary veins Lungs 3 Left atrium Left ventricle Pulmonary arteries Right atrium Valve Vena cava Aorta Renal artery Aorta Left ventricle Left atrium Valve Renal artery Right atrium Pulmonary arteries Vena cava Renal vein Lungs Pulmonary veins Right ventricle Pulmonary veins Renal vein Right ventricle Lungs 2 14 Left atrium Left ventricle Aorta Right atrium Vena cava Valve Pulmonary arteries Renal artery Lungs Pulmonary veins Renal vein Right ventricle 1 Left ventricle Aorta Pulmonary arteries Left atrium Renal artery Vena cava Valve Right atrium Pulmonary veins Renal vein Right ventricle Lungs 15 Show solution

21. Lungs Pulmonary veins Pulmonary arteries Valve Left atrium Right ventricle Valve Left ventricle Valve Valve Right atrium Vena cava Aorta Renal artery Renal vein Back

22. What happens when there is a ‘Hole in the heart’? You will have noticed that as the blood goes once around the body, it goes through the heart twice. Once through the right side which pumps blood to the lungs, and once through the left side which pumps blood to the other organs of the body. This is called ‘double circulation’ Work in a group to find out about this condition using a ‘Post-it Challenge’ type of thinking activity (You can even do this on-line using one of several web-sites. See guidance notes for details) You may have heard of a medical condition known as ‘Hole in the heart’, where the double circulation doesn’t quite work properly

23. Focus on capillaries...microscopic but vital! • Here are a few statements about capillaries in the human body. Are they true or false? Click on T/F to make your choice. • Networks of capillaries are found in every organ of the body • Every cell in the body has a capillary within 0.05 mm of it • The walls of capillaries are only one cell thick • The largest capillaries are just 0.2mm wide (thinner than a hair) • Water, oxygen, carbon dioxide and glucose molecules can pass through the walls of capillaries • White blood cells can pass through the walls of some capillaries T F T F T F T F T F T F Reset Answer

24. You can think of the capillary network as a vital part of a transport system, dropping off the substances required and collecting up and removing unwanted substances By BidbyGraham By Zero By Daquella Manera

25. Here’s a magnified diagram of a capillary network showing how closely it is linked with the surrounding cells Use your understanding of what happens in capillary networks to try the activities on the next few slides ... Blood coming from an artery Blood going to a vein Substances passing (diffusing) between capillaries and cells

26. Activity 1. Here is a magnified part of a capillary network in a tissue of the human body (such as skin or muscle) Label the arrows by dragging the boxes below to the correct places. Think about where the concentration of each of the substances would be higher. At A or B ? A bloodfrom B blood going to Carbon Dioxide Oxygen Glucose An artery A vein Waste substances Back Answer

27. Activity 2. Here is a magnified part of a human lung showing the capillaries wrapped around an air sac (alveolus) Blood from the which has been pumped from the right ventricle A Blood going to the then entering the left atrium of the heart B Label the arrows by dragging the boxes below to the correct places. oxygen waste substances air in carbon dioxide pulmonary artery pulmonary vein glucose air out Think about where the concentration of each of the 4 substances would be higher. At A or B ? Back Answer

28. Activity 3. Here is a part of a capillary knot inside a Bowman’s capsule in a human kidney Blood coming from A B Blood going to rest of nephron (kidney tubule) eventually joining to form the Label the arrows by dragging the boxes below to the correct places. renal artery oxygen renal vein mineral salts glucose water carbon dioxide Think about where the concentration of each of the 5 substances would be higher. At A or B? Back Answer

29. What did William Harvey discover? The structure of the human circulatory system and the way the blood circulates around the body may now seem obvious to you, but back in the 17th century there were some very different ideas! These days medical researchers are keen to talk about their work, presenting their findings at international conferences and on the internet. William Harvey was reluctant to report his ideas at the time. Why might this have been? Use a KWL grid (next slide) to help you investigate how William Harvey worked out how the blood circulates around the body. Image courtesy of Wellcome Library, London

30. KWL grid (Know – Want to know – Learned ) How did William Harvey find out about the circulatory system?

31. Check out your understanding of the circulatory system by extending this spider chart unicellular animals invertebrates The circulatory system.... why and what... blood vessels human circulatory system 4 chambers heart valves blood supply to heart muscle cells